The ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation: Supporting and advancing clinical nutrition research.

The vision of the ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation is to promote innovation and research discovery to improve nutrition care and health. The Foundation was launched in 1993, incorporated in 2002, and established as a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization in 2007. On the occasion of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)'s 50th anniversary, this article examines the creation of the Foundation, the state of clinical nutrition research funding, the Foundation's philanthropic mission, and the return on investment of Foundation grant support.

Plasma metabolomics changes comparing daytime to overnight infusions of home parenteral nutrition in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.

Background: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is often cycled nocturnally and is expected to result in glucose intolerance and sleep disruption partly due to circadian misalignment. This study aimed to define the metabolic response when HPN is cycled during the daytime compared to overnight.

Methods: This secondary analysis leveraged samples from a clinical trial in adults with short bowel syndrome consuming HPN (ClinicalTrials.

Healthy Sleep Practices for Consumers of Home Total Parenteral Nutrition: A Mixed-Methods Community-Based Participatory Study.

Background: Consumers of overnight home parenteral nutrition (HPN) often experience sleep disruption; however, existing healthy sleep recommendations are widely inapplicable to consumers.

Objectives: The aim of this mixed-methods, community-based participatory research study was to develop tailored recommendations on healthy sleep practices for HPN consumers.

Methods: The multipart study involved the following: an initial draft of sleep recommendations based on the evaluation of existing general sleep hygiene guidelines by an expert panel of clinicians and consumers with lived experience; semi-structured focus groups with consumers and clinicians; pre- and post-knowledge tests completed by consumers, and final approval of the recommendations by the expert panel.

Diet Intake After Diet Modification Intervention in Women With Fecal Incontinence.

Importance: Older women with fecal incontinence (FI) who underwent diet modification intervention (DMI) showed significant improvement in FI symptoms. It is unclear whether improvement in symptoms was associated with objective changes in dietary intake quality.

Objectives: The primary aim was to determine if improvement in overall dietary intake quality was associated with improvement in FI symptoms.

Global availability of parenteral nutrition: Pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic surveys.

Objective: Parenteral nutrition represents a therapeutic option for patients with type 3 intestinal failure. If used exclusively, parenteral nutrition has to be complete to provide all essential nutrients. The aim was to assess the availability of parenteral nutrition in all parts of the world, to better comprehend the global situation, and to prepare an action plan to increase access to parenteral nutrition.

The Association Between Malnutrition and High Protein Treatment on Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EFFORT Protein Randomized Trial.

Background: Preexisting malnutrition in critically ill patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Malnutrition can be diagnosed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition using parameters such as weight loss, muscle wasting, and BMI. International critical care nutrition guidelines recommend high protein treatment to improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients diagnosed with preexisting malnutrition.

Guidance for assessment of the inflammation etiologic criterion for the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition: A modified Delphi approach.

Background & Aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach to malnutrition diagnosis is based on assessment of three phenotypic (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced skeletal muscle mass) and two etiologic (reduced food intake/assimilation and disease burden/inflammation) criteria, with diagnosis confirmed by fulfillment of any combination of at least one phenotypic and at least one etiologic criterion. The original GLIM description provided limited guidance regarding assessment of inflammation and this has been a factor impeding further implementation of the GLIM criteria. We now seek to provide practical guidance for assessment of inflammation in support of the etiologic criterion for inflammation.

Glycemic and sleep effects of daytime compared with those of overnight infusions of home parenteral nutrition in adults with short bowel syndrome: A quasi-experimental pilot trial.

Background: Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) commonly cycle infusions overnight, likely contributing to circadian misalignment and sleep disruption.

Methods: The objective of this quasi-experimental, single-arm, controlled, pilot trial was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of daytime infusions of HPN in adults with SBS without diabetes. Enrolled patients were fitted with a continuous glucose monitor and wrist actigraph and were instructed to cycle their infusions overnight for 1 wk, followed by daytime for another week.

A Comparison of High and Usual Protein Dosing in Critically Ill Patients With Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis of an International, Pragmatic, Single-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Across guidelines, protein dosing for critically ill patients with obesity varies considerably. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate whether this population would benefit from higher doses of protein.

Design: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients with high nutritional risk (EFFORT Protein): an international, multicenter, pragmatic, registry-based randomized trial.

Comparison between self-reported and actigraphy-derived sleep measures in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: Secondary analysis of observational data.

Background: Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) frequently report disrupted sleep. However, there are often inconsistencies between objectively measured and questionnaire-derived sleep measures. We compared sleep measures estimated from wrist actigraphy and self-report in adults receiving HPN.

Penn Healthy Diet survey: pilot validation and scoring.

Though diet quality is widely recognised as linked to risk of chronic disease, health systems have been challenged to find a user-friendly, efficient way to obtain information about diet. The Penn Healthy Diet (PHD) survey was designed to fill this void. The purposes of this pilot project were to assess the patient experience with the PHD, to validate the accuracy of the PHD against related items in a diet recall and to explore scoring algorithms with relationship to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 computed from the recall data.

Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.

Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been shown to be a safe method of feeding in the intensive care unit with modern infection prevention practices, but similar analysis in the hematology-oncology setting is lacking.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,617 patients with hematologic malignancies admitted and discharged from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during 3,629 encounters from 2017 to 2019 was undertaken to evaluate the association of PN administration with risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Proportions of mucosal barrier injury (MBI)-CLABSI and non-MBI-CLABSI were also compared between groups.

The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients with high nutritional risk (EFFORT Protein): an international, multicentre, pragmatic, registry-based randomised trial.

Background: On the basis of low-quality evidence, international critical care nutrition guidelines recommend a wide range of protein doses. The effect of delivering high-dose protein during critical illness is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that a higher dose of protein provided to critically ill patients would improve their clinical outcomes.

Associations between dietary intake, diet quality and depressive symptoms in youth: A systematic review of observational studies.

Depression is the third leading cause of worldwide disease burden among youth, and nutrition- and diet-related behaviors have been considered as an effective strategy for reducing the risk of depressive symptoms. This systematic review aims to examine associations between dietary intake and diet quality with depressive symptoms among youth. In this systematic review, a search of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 was performed in four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and PubMed) according to the PRISMA checklist.

Diet standardization reduces intra-individual microbiome variation.

The human gut microbiota is highly heterogenous between individuals and also exhibits considerable day-to-day variation within individuals. We hypothesized that diet contributed to such inter- and/or intra-individual variance. Hence, we investigated the extent to which diet normalization impacted microbiota heterogeneity.

Development of the Penn Healthy Diet screener with reference to adult dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: There is a need for a feasible, user-friendly tool that can be employed to assess the overall quality of the diet in U.S.

Clinical Settings: Our objectives were to develop the Penn Healthy Diet (PHD) screener, evaluate screener item correlations with Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 components, and develop a simple scoring algorithm.

Increased Protein with Decreased Carbohydrate Intake Reduces Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes: The iPRO Study.

Introduction: There is an urgent need to establish an evidence base for recommendations regarding proportions of macronutrients for optimized nutritional management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our study compared isocaloric diets in women with GDM that differed in protein and carbohydrate content with fats held constant. We hypothesized that the glucose area under the curve (AUC) would be lower with the higher protein/lower carbohydrate diet.