Applied neuroanatomy elective to reinforce and promote engagement with neurosensory pathways using interactive and artistic activities.

One in six Americans is currently affected by neurologic disease. As the United States population ages, the number of neurologic complaints is expected to increase. Thus, there is a pressing need for more neurologists as well as more neurology training in other specialties.

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in a cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

A 2.3-y-old female cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) presented with a broken right tibia and fibula. Radiographs showed multiple cyst-like defects in all long bones.

Developing observational skills and knowledge of anatomical relationships in an art and anatomy workshop using plastinated specimens.

One of the strong trends in medical education today is the integration of the humanities into the basic medical curriculum. The anatomy program is an obvious choice for using the humanities to develop professionalism and ethical values. They can also be used to develop close observational skills.

Craniorachischisis and omphalocele in a stillborn cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Nonhuman primates have been a common animal model to evaluate experimentally induced malformations. Reports on spontaneous malformations are important in determining the background incidence of congenital anomalies in specific species and in evaluating experimental results. Here we report on a stillborn cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with multiple congenital anomalies from the colony maintained at the Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.

The baboon model (Papio hamadryas) of fetal loss: maternal weight, age, reproductive history and pregnancy outcome.

Background: Several risk factors are associated with the incidence of human stillbirths. The prevention of stillbirths in women is a pressing clinical problem.

Methods: We reviewed 402 pathology records of fetal loss occurring in a large baboon (Papio spp.

Experiencing Body Worlds: voyeurism, education, or enlightenment?

Until the advent of plastinated cadavers, few outside the medical professions have had firsthand experience with human corpses. Such opportunities are now available at the Body Worlds exhibits of Gunther von Hagens. After an overview of these exhibits, we explore visitor responses as revealed in comment books available upon exiting the exhibit.

Trisomy 17 in a baboon (Papio hamadryas) with polydactyly, patent foramen ovale and pyelectasis.

Trisomy 13 in humans is the third most common autosomal abnormality at birth, after trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. It has a reported incidence of between 1:5,000 and 1:30,000 live births. It is associated with multiple abnormalities, many of which shorten lifespan.

Effects of calorie restriction on chromosomal stability in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The basic tenet of several theories on aging is increasing genomic instability resulting from interactions with the environment. Chromosomal aberrations have been used as classic examples of increasing genomic instability since they demonstrate an increase in numerical and structural abnormalities with age in many species including humans. This accumulating damage may augment many aging processes and initiate age-related diseases, such as neoplasias.

Primary amenorrhea associated with ovarian leiomyoma in a baboon (Papio hamadryas).

A 6-y-old female baboon was examined due to absence of menstrual cycling and secondary sex characteristics and failure to reproduce. The mammary glands and vaginal introitus were hypoplastic, the clitoris was prominent, and the perineal skin was immature with lack of cyclic color alterations and sexual swelling. Evaluation of the reproductive tract revealed a hypoplastic uterus and rudimentary ovaries with the presence of an ovarian leiomyoma within the right ovary.

Nephroblastomatosis and nephroblastoma in nonhuman primates.

Wilms' tumors, or nephroblastomas, are renal embryonal malignancies with a high incidence in humans. Nephroblastomas are uncommon in nonhuman primates. This report describes three cases of spontaneous proliferative renal tumors in young monkeys: two cases of unilateral kidney nephroblastomas in baboons and a nephroblastomatosis in a cynomolgus macaque.

Gunther von Hagens and Body Worlds part 2: The anatomist as priest and prophet.

Part 1 of this two-part series highlighted tensions between the anatomical quest for scientific knowledge about the human interior and artistic representations of the anatomized body, contrasting the roles of Goethe's scientific Prosektor and humanistic Proplastiker-roles disturbingly fused in Gunther von Hagens. Part 2 first examines religious interpretations of the human body that fuel the tensions manifest in anatomy art. The body in Western cultures is a sacred text amenable to interpretation as handiwork of God, habitation for the soul, and vehicle for resurrection.

Gunther von Hagens and Body Worlds Part 1: the anatomist as prosektor and proplastiker.

Recent calls to reintegrate the sciences and humanities are challenged by the contemporary work of anatomist Gunther von Hagens and his Body Worlds exhibits of plastinated cadavers. The anatomical quest to understand our physical interior has long been in tension both with aesthetic ideals and religious sensitivities regarding the metaphysical significance of the human body. Part I of this two-part Historical Note examines tensions epitomized by Goethe's figures of the prosektor and proplastiker.

Trisomy 16 in a pigtailed macaque (M. nemestrina) with multiple anomalies and developmental delays.

A female pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with unusual physical characteristics, deficits in learning and cognitive tasks, abnormal social behavior, and abnormal reflexes and motor control was followed from birth until 3 years of age and found to have trisomy 16, which is homologous to trisomy 13 in humans. The animal described here showed similar features to cases of trisomy 16 and 18 (human trisomy 13 and 18, respectively) reported previously in nonhuman primates. However, both significant differences and similarities were found when compared with the homologous human trisomy.

Spontaneous ovarian tumors in twelve baboons: a review of ovarian neoplasms in non-human primates.

Twelve spontaneous ovarian tumors were found in the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research baboon colony. These included four granulosa cell tumors, three teratomas, two endometrioid carcinomas, one seromucinous cystadenofibroma, a cystic papillary adenocarcinoma, and an ovarian carcinoma. Age was a pre-disposing factor.

A kidney epithelial cell line from a Bolivian squirrel monkey.

Squirrel monkeys are the most commonly used New World primates in biomedical research, but in vitro studies are restricted by the limited number of cell lines available from this species. We report here the development and characterization of a continuous, kidney epithelial cell line (SQMK-FP cells) derived from a newborn squirrel monkey. Karyotype was consistent with Bolivian squirrel monkey (submetacentric chromosome pair 15 and acrocentric chromosome pair 16).

Genetic relationships among three squirrel monkey types: Implications for taxonomy, biomedical research, and captive breeding.

Fourteen electrophoretically variable and 12 monomorphic erythrocytic and serum proteins were used to determine the genetic relationships among Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), Peruvian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis), and Guyanese squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus sciureus). The results supported the classification scheme of Hershkovitz (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 7:155-210, 1984), which is used above. A profile of marker phenotypes can unambiguously discriminate between the two species examined, and can discriminate most S.