Systematic review of randomized controlled trials on interventions for melasma: an abridged Cochrane review.

Background: Multiple treatments exist for melasma; they are often substandard and associated with side effects.

Objectives: We sought to assess the effectiveness of interventions used in the management of all types of melasma.

Methods: We undertook a systematic review using the methodology of the Cochrane Collaboration.

Laparoscopic versus open repair of inguinal hernia: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Traditionally, repair of an inguinal hernia has been by an open method, but laparoscopic techniques have recently been introduced and are increasing in popularity. This study aimed to compare early and late outcomes following laparoscopic and open repair of inguinal hernia.

Methods: We performed an analysis of inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics.

Interventions for melasma.

Background: Melasma is an acquired symmetrical pigmentary disorder where confluent grey-brown patches typically appear on the face. Available treatments for melasma are unsatisfactory.

Objectives: To assess interventions used in the management of all types of melasma: epidermal, dermal, and mixed.