Addressing the post-irradiation hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine abnormalities of brain tumors in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis is susceptible to radiotherapy, causing endocrine disorders to childhood cancer survivors. We conducted a systematic review in order to assess the radiation-induced toxicity that leads to hormone secretion abnormalities and their severity in children with brain tumors.

Methods: The data were collected by relevant studies on PubMed and EMBASE.

The benefit-to-risk ratio of common treatments in PCOS: effect of oral contraceptives versus metformin on atherogenic markers.

Objective: To compare the effects of oral contraceptives (OCPs) and metformin on atherogenic markers, including serum levels of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in lean women (Body Mass Index below 25 kg/m(2)) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), defined by NIH criteria.

Design: Prospective open-label study.

Results: One hundred and twenty women with PCOS were treated for 6 months with one of the following treatments: ethinylestradiol plus cyproterone acetate (OCP 1, n=40) or ethinylestradiol plus drospirenone (OCP2, n=40) or metformin (MET, n=40).

Polycystic ovary syndrome--phenotypes and diagnosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms lasting throughout the lifecycle. The syndrome combines reproductive as well as metabolic aberrations associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The presence of three different definitions for the diagnosis of PCOS reflects the phenotypic diversity of the syndrome.

Impact of dietary modification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the hormonal and metabolic profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: To investigate the impact of dietary intervention on Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) intake on the hormonal and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: After baseline evaluation, 23 women with PCOS [mean ± SD, age: 23.4 ± 5.

Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is related to the severity of anovulation and other clinical features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The clinical phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) includes reproductive and hormonal aberrations. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an indicator which could connect hyperandrogenism and anovulation. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between VAI, menstrual disorders and hormonal, biochemical and ultrasound parameters in women with PCOS.

Structural, biochemical and non-traditional cardiovascular risk markers in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome of reproductive and metabolic derangements. The combination of anovulation and hyperandrogenism signifies the classic form of PCOS which displays the adverse metabolic phenotype of the syndrome. This phenotype includes visceral obesity and insulin resistance as well as a constellation of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mainly low grade inflammation, disturbances of glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia.

Strong and positive association of endothelin-1 with AGEs in PCOS: a causal relationship or a bystander?

Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) activate the intracellular Nuclear Factor-κB pathway in endothelial cells, leading to production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide which causes endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to assess ΕΤ-1 and AGEs levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls and to investigate any potential relationship between them.

Design: Metabolic and hormonal data from 75 women with PCOS and 25 controls, matched for age and ΒΜΙ were analyzed and correlated to AGEs and ET-1 levels.

Phenotypes and enviromental factors: their influence in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex syndrome of unclear etiopathogenesis characterized by heterogeneity in phenotypic manifestations. The clinical phenotype of PCOS includes reproductive and hormonal aberrations, namely anovulation and hyperandrogenism, which coexist with metabolic disturbances. Reflecting the crosstalk between the reproductive system and metabolic tissues, obesity not only deteriorates the metabolic profile but also aggravates ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism.

Anxiety is associated with hormonal and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Background: Increased prevalence of psychological morbidities, including anxiety, depression and eating disorders, has been reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison with normal ovulating, nonhyperandrogenemic women.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the relationship between the degree of anxiety, depression and eating disorders via self-reported symptoms and the severity of hormonal and metabolic aberrations in women with PCOS. For this purpose, the PCOS cohort was subdivided into three subgroups according to the degree of anxiety.

The pluripotential effects of hypolipidemic treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk factors and beyond.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by oligo- or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenemia and polycystic ovaries. Clinical expression is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Dyslipidemia is very common in lean as well as in obese women with PCOS and should be considered in the therapeutic management of the syndrome.

Metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6.6-6.8% of women in reproductive age.

Metformin: an old medication of new fashion: evolving new molecular mechanisms and clinical implications in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is now recognized to be the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with a prevalence of 6.6-6.8%.

In overweight/obese but not in normal-weight women, polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated liver enzymes compared to controls.

Objective: To investigate liver enzymes in a cohort of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and controls divided according to body mass index (BMI) and their association with features of the syndrome.

Design: Eighty-three PCOS women and 64 healthy women were studied. Patients and controls were subdivided into two groups, a lean subgroup (BMI <25kg/m(2)) and an overweight/obese subgroup (BMI >25kg/m(2)).

Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome... and vice versa.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appear to be interrelated, although they are distinct entities. Women with PCOS appear to be commonly affected by MS, while women with MS may display reproductive or endocrine features of PCOS. These clinical observations appear to be only partly attributable to the association of both syndromes with obesity and imply a reciprocal pathophysiologic relationship between PCOS and MS with potentially significant clinical sequelae.

Role of androgen excess on metabolic aberrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin resistance is implicated as the major player in the metabolic abnormalities and contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with the syndrome. However, androgen excess appears to participate as an independent parameter, which further aggravates the cardiovascular and metabolic aberrations in affected women with PCOS.

Does polycystic ovary syndrome start in childhood?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the most frequent endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women, represents a multifactorial nosologic entity considering its pathogenesis and clinical repercussions. PCOS is characterized mainly by hyperandrogenemia and anovulation, while insulin resistance has been established as a key player in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The natural course of PCOS appears to originate in fetal life and factors of the intrauterine environment have been incriminated in the early pathogenesis of the syndrome.

Early onset adiposity: a pathway to polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a heterogenous syndrome of unknown causation commonly associated with obesity. The particular timing of the onset of obesity may be important, since the earlier the onset of obesity the greater the severity of the metabolic and hormonal aberrations. Early postnatal life and peripubertal periods may be critical windows for the development of the "adiposity insult".