TEMPOUR: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Perioperative Use of An Alpha-1-Blocker to Reduce Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Procedures.

Background: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a treatment option for a wide range of rectal lesions. Postoperative urinary retention is a frequently associated complication. Some studies have suggested that the use of alpha-1-blockers may reduce the risk of postoperative urinary retention after hernia and colorectal surgery, but evidence is lacking.

Oncological outcomes of tumor ablation compared to surgical resection in early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal choice of treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) remains controversial, with recent conflicted guidelines. This systematic review evaluated whether ablation is oncologically non-inferior to surgical resection.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing tumor ablation and surgical resection for early-stage HCCs.

Evaluation of registration-based vs. manual segmentation of rhesus macaque brain MRIs.

With increasing numbers of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets becoming publicly available, researchers and clinicians alike have turned to automated methods of segmentation to enable population-level analyses of these data. Although prior research has evaluated the extent to which automated methods recapitulate "gold standard" manual segmentation methods in the human brain, such an evaluation has not yet been carried out for segmentation of MRIs of the macaque brain. Macaques offer the important opportunity to bridge gaps between microanatomical studies using invasive methods like tract tracing, neural recordings, and high-resolution histology and non-invasive macroanatomical studies using methods like MRI.

Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein for Infectious Complications After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be associated with significant morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Postoperative infections account for a high burden of these complications. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels for overall infectious complications and anastomotic leaks.

Evolutionarily conserved neural responses to affective touch in monkeys transcend consciousness and change with age.

Affective touch-a slow, gentle, and pleasant form of touch-activates a different neural network than which is activated during discriminative touch in humans. Affective touch perception is enabled by specialized low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the skin with unmyelinated fibers called C tactile (CT) afferents. These CT afferents are conserved across mammalian species, including macaque monkeys.

Loop Ileostomy Closure as a 23-Hour Stay Procedure With Preoperative Efferent Limb Enteral Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Loop ileostomy closure is a common procedure in colorectal surgery. Often seen as a simple operation associated with a low complication rate, it still leads to lengthy hospitalizations. Reducing postoperative complications and ileus rates could lead to a shorter length of stay and even ambulatory surgery.

En bloc resection of pararectal ectopic thyroid tissue: a case report.

A pararectal mass' specific diagnosis can be challenging as a broad range of both benign and malignant tumors are possible. Many of these lesions are congenital and do not require treatment, if asymptomatic. Special attention is to be paid when imaging findings are not typical.

See no evil: Attentional bias toward threat is diminished in aged monkeys.

Prior evidence demonstrates that relative to younger adults, older human adults exhibit attentional biases toward positive and/or away from negative socioaffective stimuli (i.e., the age-related positivity effect).

Reorganization in the macaque interoceptive-allostatic network following anterior cingulate cortex damage.

Accumulating evidence indicates that the adult brain is capable of significant structural change following damage-a capacity once thought to be largely limited to developing brains. To date, most existing research on adult plasticity has focused on how exteroceptive sensorimotor networks compensate for damage to preserve function. Interoceptive networks-those that represent and process sensory information about the body's internal state-are now recognized to be critical for a wide range of physiological and psychological functions from basic energy regulation to maintaining a sense of self, but the extent to which these networks remain plastic in adulthood has not been established.

Novel homozygous nonsense mutation of MLIP and compensatory alternative splicing.

Despite the growing accessibility of clinical sequencing, functional interpretation of variants remains a major hurdle to molecular diagnostics of Mendelian diseases. We aimed to describe a new adult-onset myopathy with muscle weakness and hyperCKemia caused by a nonsense variant in muscular LMNA-interacting protein (MLIP). Following RNA-sequencing, differential expression analysis uncovered a significant downregulation of this gene, which had a surprisingly mild effect on MLIP protein expression.

Rhesus monkeys have an interoceptive sense of their beating hearts.

The sensation of internal bodily signals, such as when your stomach is contracting or your heart is beating, plays a critical role in broad biological and psychological functions ranging from homeostasis to emotional experience and self-awareness. The evolutionary origins of this capacity and, thus, the extent to which it is present in nonhuman animals remain unclear. Here, we show that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) spend significantly more time viewing stimuli presented asynchronously, as compared to synchronously, with their heartbeats.

Amygdala or hippocampus damage only minimally impacts affective responding to threat.

Decades of research studying the behavioral effects of damage to structures in medial temporal lobe of rhesus monkeys have documented that such damage, particularly damage to the amygdala, causes animals to become hyporesponsive to threat and hyper-social. This phenotype, a subset of the behaviors known as "Klüver-Bucy Syndrome," is one of the most well-known phenomena in behavioral neuroscience. Carrying on the tradition of evaluating hyposensitivity to threat in monkeys with temporal lobe lesions, we evaluated the responses of rhesus monkeys with bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus and procedure-matched control animals to the presentation of an unfamiliar human intruder and threatening objects of varying complexity.

Pathways, Processes and Protections: Australia's Clinical and Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Spaces.

Health-related genetic testing, once exclusively within the medical space, is now available within the commercial space. This paradigm shift from medical to consumer presents challenges to regulators, health care professionals and individuals. This section reports on pathways, processes and protections afforded to Australians whether genetic test results are provided by medical professionals or commercial players.

Social learning exploits the available auditory or visual cues.

The ability to acquire a behavior can be facilitated by exposure to a conspecific demonstrator. Such social learning occurs under a range of conditions in nature. Here, we tested the idea that social learning can benefit from any available sensory cue, thereby permitting learning under different natural conditions.

Production and characterisation of a candidate hyper-immune serum for the replacement of the Bordetella pertussis mouse antiserum Biological Reference Preparation.

For acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, the current European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph Pertussis vaccine (acellular, component, adsorbed) (1356) requires an immunogenicity assay in mice or guinea pigs to assess the potency of each lot of vaccine (Ph.

Improving response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The verified responder program pilot.

Background: Survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) decreases as the interval from collapse to CPR and defibrillation increases. Innovative approaches are needed to reduce response intervals, especially for private locations.

Methods: We undertook the Verified Responder Program in 5 United States communities during 2018, whereby off-duty EMS professionals volunteered and were equipped with automated external defibrillators (AEDs).

Author Correction: Exploring use of unsupervised clustering to associate signaling profiles of GPCR ligands to clinical response.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Public reactions to direct-to-consumer genetic health tests: A comparison across the US, UK, Japan and Australia.

While direct to consumer health-related genetic testing (DTCGT) has potential to provide accessible genetic information and empower individuals to make informed healthcare decisions, it attracts concern associated with regulatory gaps, clinical utility and potential for harm. Understanding public reactions to DTCGT is vital to facilitate considered regulatory, health care and consumer protection strategies. Yet little is known, particularly outside the dominant US market, about how the general public view and might engage with DTCGT outside traditional health care systems.

Exploring use of unsupervised clustering to associate signaling profiles of GPCR ligands to clinical response.

Signaling diversity of G protein-coupled (GPCR) ligands provides novel opportunities to develop more effective, better-tolerated therapeutics. Taking advantage of these opportunities requires identifying which effectors should be specifically activated or avoided so as to promote desired clinical responses and avoid side effects. However, identifying signaling profiles that support desired clinical outcomes remains challenging.

Impact of a checklist used by pharmacists on hospital antimicrobial use: a patient-level interrupted time series study.

Background: Antimicrobial misuse leading to drug resistance is a growing concern for clinicians. Improving antimicrobial stewardship programmes through development of new tools could be part of the solution.

Aim: To evaluate antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients after implementation of an antimicrobial checklist for ward-based clinical pharmacists.