Candida auris: Outbreak, surveillance and epidemiological monitoring in Northern Greece.

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen associated with multi-drug resistance rates and widespread outbreaks in hospitals and healthcare units worldwide. Sequencing studies have revealed that different clonal lineages of the fungus seem to be prevalent among distinct geographical sites. The first case of C.

Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries.

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a major cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 80% of these sepsis deaths could be prevented through improved treatment, the efficacy of the currently recommended first- and second-line treatment regimens for this condition is increasingly affected by high rates of drug resistance. Here we assess three well known antibiotics, fosfomycin, flomoxef and amikacin, in combination as potential antibiotic treatment regimens by investigating the drug resistance and genetic profiles of commonly isolated GNB causing neonatal sepsis in LMICs.

Anaerobic Spondylodiscitis caused by Parvimonas Micra in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report the rare case of bacteraemia and secondary spondylodiscitis probably triggered by tooth injury in a rheumatoid arthritis patient. Anaerobic bacteria associated spondylodiscitis may evade diagnosis due to atypical clinical presentation usually lacking fever, and the difficulties related to microbiological characterisation of the pathogen. Even though anaerobic spinal infections may constitute <3% of the total, clinical suspicion should remain high, especially in the case of positive history for pre-existing oral cavity or gastrointestinal/gynaecological tract infections.

Off-label Use of Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Real-life Experience and Literature Review.

Background: Multi/extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections have recently increased and new antimicrobial options are needed for difficult-to-treat infections. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) has been approved for patients 3 months to 18 years of age, but real-life data on its off-label use in neonates and young infants are still scarce.

Materials: We report demographic, clinical and microbiologic data as well as outcome and safety of all cases of infants treated with CZA between January 1, 2021 and September 30, 2022 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Neonatal Bloodstream Infection with Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Resistant -Producing Carrying .

Background: Although ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) has become an important option for treating adults and children, no data or recommendations exist for neonates. We report a neonatal sepsis case due to CAZ/AVI-resistant -harboring carrying and the use of a customized active surveillance program in conjunction with enhanced infection control measures.

Methods: The index case was an extremely premature neonate hospitalized for 110 days that had been previously treated with multiple antibiotics.

in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review.

is a Gram-negative bacillus that can rarely cause infections in humans. We recently treated a case of peritonitis due to in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patient, and we systematically reviewed all the relevant reported cases in the literature. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and we reviewed 13 such cases (2 children, 11 adults) that were reported, including our patient.

A Longitudinal Study of Spontaneous Gut Decolonization of Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Neonatal and Pediatric Patients.

Background: Antibiotic exposure may convert gut microbiome to reservoir of resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB). Little is known about natural history of spontaneous CRGNB decolonization of neonates/children and their risk to develop CRGNB infections.

Methods: Patients hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital (1 days to 16 years) found to be CRGNB colonized in weekly surveillance cultures during hospitalization (January 2018 to December 2019) were prospectively followed after discharge with monthly rectal cultures for 12 months after colonization until decolonization (3 consecutive negative rectal cultures, ≥1 week apart).

Early initiation of the respiratory syncytial virus season in 2021-2022, Greece.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral pathogen causing respiratory disease in the pediatric population. An unexpected sudden upsurge of RSV infections among children was observed in September 2021 in Greece. Forty-one rhinopharyngeal samples from children under the age of 2 years with confirmed RSV bronchiolitis were tested to identify the genotype(s) of the RSV strain(s).

Emergence of ST39 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing VIM-1 and KPC-2.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) causes life-threatening hospital-acquired infections. KPC and VIM carbapenemase production is the main molecular mechanism for carbapenem resistance. The aim of the current study was the genetic characterization of four ST39 CRKP isolates simultaneously producing VIM-1 and KPC-2, obtained in a Greek tertiary hospital.

Use of Ceftazidime-avibactam for the Treatment of Extensively drug-resistant or Pan drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonates and Children <5 Years of Age.

Background: Emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) or pan drug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacteriaceae is a major public threat especially for young patients. Treatment options for these bacteria are extremely limited with no safety data existing for neonates and children. Ceftazidime-avibactam has activity against Gram-negative bacteria producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, but virtually no data exist on its use in neonatal and pediatric patients.