A very rare case of renal cell carcinoma metastasis to spermatic cord and a condensed literature review.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is proved to be the ninth most common malignancy. Two-third of the patients suffering from RCC will present metastases. Secondary metastases of RCC to spermatic cord are very rare.

Is inflammation a significant predictor of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Background: Bile duct injuries (BDI) have been reported to occur more frequently during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) compared to open cholecystectomy (OC). Several studies have demonstrated various potential predisposing factors for BDI. However, there is a controversy as to whether gallbladder inflammation is a significant predictor for BDI.