Phenotype and outcomes of very early onset and early onset inflammatory bowel diseases in a Montreal pediatric cohort.

Objectives: The incidence of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) and early-onset IBD (EO-IBD) is increasing. Here, we report their phenotype and outcomes in a Montreal pediatric cohort.

Methods: We analyzed data from patients diagnosed with IBD between January 2014 and December 2018 from the CHU Sainte-Justine.

A two-step human culture system replicates intestinal monocyte maturation cascade: Conversion of tissue-like inflammatory monocytes into macrophages.

Monocyte maturation program into macrophages (MΦ) is well defined in murine gut under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions. Obviously, in vivo tracking of monocytes in inflamed tissues remains difficult in humans. Furthermore, in vitro models fall short in generating the surrogates of transient extravasated tissue inflammatory monocytes.

Single-Cell Protein and RNA Expression Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Intestinal Mucosa and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Patients.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are driven by an abnormal immune response to commensal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts. In addition to epithelial and stromal cells, innate and adaptive immune systems are both involved in IBD immunopathogenesis. Given the advances driven by single-cell technologies, we here reviewed the immune landscape and function of mononuclear phagocytes in inflamed non-lymphoid and lymphoid tissues of CD and UC patients.

Correction: Two distinct colonic CD14 subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Transcriptomic Analysis and High-dimensional Phenotypic Mapping of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Reveal Differences Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are distinct forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Heterogeneity of HLA-DR+SIRPα + mononuclear phagocytes [MNPs], including macrophages [MΦ], monocyte-derived [Mono] cells, and dendritic cells [DCs], was reported in gut tissue but not yet investigated in mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs] of IBD patients. We here compared the phenotype, function, and molecular profile of HLA-DR+SIRPα + MNPs in CD and UC MLNs.

Differential Pathogenic Th17 Profile in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

The drug targets IL23 and IL12 regulate pathogenicity and plasticity of intestinal Th17 cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, studies examining Th17 dysregulation in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) of these patients are rare. We showed that in mLNs, CD could be distinguished from UC by increased frequencies of CCR6CXCR3RORγTbetCD4 (Th17) memory T cells enriched in CD62L effector memory T cells (T), and their differentially expressed molecular profile.

Two distinct colonic CD14 subsets characterized by single-cell RNA profiling in Crohn's disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated immune responses in the intestinal tissue. Four molecularly identified macrophage subsets control immune homeostasis in healthy gut. However, the specific roles and transcriptomic profiles of the phenotypically heterogeneous CD14 macrophage-like population in inflamed gut remain to be investigated in Crohn's disease (CD).

Recruitment of activated neutrophils correlates with disease severity in adult Crohn's disease.

Neutrophils are detected in inflamed colon in Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether the frequency and/or activation of circulating or gut tissue neutrophils correlate with endoscopic severity remains to be investigated. A cohort of 73 CD patients was prospectively enrolled according to endoscopic severity and treatment history.

Mutual Interaction of Basophils and T Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.

Basophils are, together with mast cells, typical innate effector cells of allergen-induced IgE-dependent allergic diseases. Both cell types express the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεR1), release histamine, inflammatory mediators, and cytokines following FcεR1 cross-linking. Basophils are rare granulocytes in blood, lymphoid, and non-lymphoid tissues, and the difficulties to detect and isolate these cells has hampered the study of their biology and the understanding of their possible role in pathology.

Differential accumulation and function of proinflammatory 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells in lymph node and colon of Crohn's versus ulcerative colitis patients.

Human Slan DCs have been studied in patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and function of Slan DCs in blood, colon, as well as mLNs of patients with IBD. We first show that the frequency of circulating CD14(dull)Slan DCs was reduced in CD patients refractory to immunosuppressive drugs or TNF-α blockers relative to untreated CD, UC, and healthy subjects.

Topical mitomycin-C application in recurrent esophageal strictures after surgical repair of esophageal atresia.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and short-term safety of topical mitomycin-C, an antifibrotic agent, in preventing the recurrence of anastomotic strictures after surgical repair of esophageal atresia (EA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with recurrent anastomotic strictures after EA surgery who underwent at least 3 esophageal dilations. We compared the outcome (ie, resolution of the stricture) of the group that received topical mitomycin-C treatment with endoscopic esophageal dilation with a historical cohort treated by dilations alone.