Selection signature analysis reveals genes associated with tail phenotype in sheep.

Tail type of sheep, which may be affected by many genes with a complex mechanism, is an important economic trait concerned by both raiser and consumers. Here, we employed two sheep breeds with extreme phenotypes - Mongolian sheep (short-fat-tailed) and Bamei Mutton sheep (long-thin-tailed) to analyze the genetic differences at the genomic level and find candidate genes associated with tail phenotype. The results of population structure analysis showed that the LD decay rate of Mongolian sheep was greater than that of Bamai Mutton sheep.

FHL3 gene regulates bovine skeletal muscle cell growth through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Beef quality is a critical factor in evaluating the effectiveness of beef cattle production. Fiber types play key roles in determining muscle growth and meat quality characteristics. FHL3 is de novo expressed in skeletal muscle and is responsible for MyHC isoform expression in C2C12 cells.

Uncovering the genetic diversity and adaptability of Butuo Black Sheep through whole-genome re-sequencing.

The Butuo Black Sheep (BBS) is well-known for its ability to thrive at high altitudes, resist diseases, and produce premium-quality meat. Nonetheless, there is insufficient data regarding its genetic diversity and population-specific Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This paper centers on the genetic diversity of (BBS).

Functional prediction of AMP deaminase 1 in Jingyuan chicken and evaluation of the biological activities of its expression vectors.

This study investigated the function of AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1) in Jingyuan chicken and the biological activity of its expression vector. AMPD1 was cloned and sequenced from chicken breast muscle tissue by RT-PCR and further analyzed using Cluster, DNASTAR, and online bioinformatics software, as well as vector construction, qPCR, Western blotting, enzymatic digestion, and sequencing. The coding sequence was 2162 bp, encoding 683 amino acids and producing a protein of approximately 78.

Construction of a molecular regulatory network related to fat deposition by multi-tissue transcriptome sequencing of Jiaxian red cattle.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) refers to the fat that accumulates between muscle bundles or within muscle cells, whose content significantly impacts the taste, tenderness, and flavor of meat products, making it a crucial economic characteristic in livestock production. However, the intricate mechanisms governing IMF deposition, involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), genes, and complex regulatory networks, remain largely enigmatic. Identifying adipose tissue-specific genes and ncRNAs is paramount to unravel these molecular mysteries.

Integrating proteomics and metabolomics to elucidate the molecular network regulating of inosine monophosphate-specific deposition in Jingyuan chicken.

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) plays a significant role in meat taste, yet the molecular mechanisms controlling IMP deposition in muscle tissues still require elucidation. The present study systematically and comprehensively explores the molecular network governing IMP deposition in different regions of Jingyuan chicken muscle. Two muscle groups, the breast and leg, were examined as test materials.

Characterization of feed efficiency-related key signatures molecular in different cattle breeds.

Feed efficiency is a major constraint in the beef industry and has a significant negative correlation with residual feed intake (RFI). RFI is widely used as a measure of feed efficiency in beef cattle and is independent of economic traits such as body weight and average daily gain. However, key traits with commonality or specificity among beef cattle breeds at the same level of RFI have not been reported.

Sodium Butyrate Induces Mitophagy and Apoptosis of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells through the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway.

Sodium butyrate (NaB) is one of the short-chain fatty acids and is notably produced in large amounts from dietary fiber in the gut. Recent evidence suggests that NaB induces cell proliferation and apoptosis. Skeletal muscle is rich in plenty of mitochondrial.

Effects of Polysaccharides-Rich Extract from on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with polysaccharides (GLPs) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were individually weighed and randomly assigned to four groups of eight replicate cages (10 broilers per cage). Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/kg GLPs.

Reduced water-holding capacity of beef during refrigeration is associated within creased heme oxygenase 1 expression, oxidative stress and ferroptosis.

Low molecular weight iron (LMW-Fe)-mediated oxidative stress from heme degradation may reduce beef water-holding capacity (WHC). However, the underlying mechanism of heme degradation is still unknown. In the present study, we assessed the WHC, tissue morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, heme oxygenase(HMOX) 1 expression, and ferroptosis characteristics of beef chilled at 4 °C for 6 days.

Multi-transcriptomics reveals RLMF axis-mediated signaling molecules associated with bovine feed efficiency.

The regulatory axis plays a vital role in interpreting the information exchange and interactions among mammal organs. In this study on feed efficiency, it was hypothesized that a rumen-liver-muscle-fat () regulatory axis exists and scrutinized the flow of energy along the axis employing consensus network analysis from a spatial transcriptomic standpoint. Based on enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis of the consensus network and tissue-specific genes, it was discovered that carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses were likely to be the biological processes that contribute most to feed efficiency variation on the regulatory axis.

Rumen and Fecal Microbiota Characteristics of Qinchuan Cattle with Divergent Residual Feed Intake.

Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the indicators of feed efficiency. To investigate the microbial characteristics and differences in the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle with different RFI, a metagenome methodology was used to explore the characteristics of the rumen and fecal microbiota in 10 Qinchuan cattle (five in each of the extremely high and extremely low RFI groups). The results of taxonomic annotation revealed that and were the most dominant phyla in rumen and feces.

Blood transcriptome reveals immune and metabolic-related genes involved in growth of pasteurized colostrum-fed calves.

The quality of colostrum is a key factor contributing to healthy calf growth, and pasteurization of colostrum can effectively reduce the counts of pathogenic microorganisms present in the colostrum. Physiological changes in calves fed with pasteurized colostrum have been well characterized, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, key genes and functional pathways through which pasteurized colostrum affects calf growth were identified through whole blood RNA sequencing.

Analysis of reproduction-related transcriptomes on pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian tissues during estrus and anestrus in Tan sheep.

Seasonal estrus is an important factor limiting the fertility of some animals such as sheep. Promoting estrus in the anestrus season is one of the major ways in improving the fecundity of seasonally breeding animals. The pineal-hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (PHPO) axis plays a decisive role in regulating animal reproduction.

Integrative Analysis of miRNA-mRNA in Ovarian Granulosa Cells Treated with Kisspeptin in Tan Sheep.

Kisspeptin is a peptide hormone encoded by the kiss-1 gene that regulates animal reproduction. Our studies revealed that kisspeptin can regulate steroid hormone production and promote cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells of Tan sheep, but the mechanism has not yet been fully understood. We speculated that kisspeptin might promote steroid hormone production and cell proliferation by mediating the expression of specific miRNA and mRNA in granulosa cells.

Identification and characterization of hypothalamic circular RNAs associated with bovine residual feed intake.

Residual feed intake (RFI) is crucial economic indicator used for calculating the feed efficiency of growing beef cattle. circRNA plays an important biological role in gene transcriptional regulation, but little is known about its potential functional regulation underlying RFI phenotypic variation. As the core center of regulation of animal feeding, the hypothalamus is closely associated with RFI.

Identification of critical lncRNAs for milk fat metabolism in dairy cows using WGCNA and the construction of a ceRNAs network.

As key regulators, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the ruminant mammary gland. However, the function of lncRNAs in milk fat synthesis from dairy cows is largely unknown. In this study, we used the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to comprehensive analyze the expression profile data of lncRNAs from the group's previous Illumina PE150 sequencing results based on bovine mammary epithelial cells from high- and low-milk-fat-percentage (MFP) cows, and identify core_lncRNAs significantly associated with MFP by module membership (MM) and gene significance (GS).

Low-oxygen rare earth steels.

Rare earth (RE) addition to steels to produce RE steels has been widely applied when aiming to improve steel properties. However, RE steels have exhibited extremely variable mechanical performances, which has become a bottleneck in the past few decades for their production, utilization and related study. Here in this work, we discovered that the property variation of RE steels stems from the presence of oxygen-based inclusions.

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Key Modules and Central Genes Associated With Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue.

Background: Fat deposition is an important economic trait in livestock and poultry production. However, the relationship between various genes and signal pathways of fat deposition is still unclear to a large extent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential molecular targets and related molecular pathways in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Identification of Key Genes Associated With Early Calf-Hood Nutrition in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissues by Co-Expression Analysis.

Background: Substantive evidence has confirmed that nutrition state is associated with health risk and the onset of pubertal and metabolic profile. Due to heterogeneity, adipose tissues in different anatomical positions tend to show various metabolic mechanisms for nutrition. To date, the complicated molecular mechanisms of early calf-hood nutrition on bovine adipose tissue are still largely unknown.

Identifying key genes in milk fat metabolism by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Milk fat is the most important and energy-rich substance in milk, and its content and composition are important reference elements in the evaluation of milk quality. However, the current identification of valuable candidate genes affecting milk fat is limited. IlluminaPE150 was used to sequence bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) with high and low milk fat rates (MFP), the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) was used to analyze mRNA expression profile data in this study.

Analysis of the molecular mechanism of inosine monophosphate deposition in Jingyuan chicken muscles using a proteomic approach.

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is an indicator of meat taste, and the molecular mechanism underlying IMP deposition in muscle tissues is important to developing superior poultry breeds. The aim of this study was to identify the key proteins regulating IMP deposition in different muscle groups of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens (Hen) using a proteomics-based approach. We identified 1,300 proteins in the muscle tissues of Jingyuan chickens, of which 322 were differentially expressed between the breast and leg muscles (129 proteins were highly expressed in breast muscles and 193 proteins were highly expressed in leg muscles).

Identifying Key Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways of Diverse Adipose Tissue Types in Cattle.

Fat is a tissue that not just stores energy and plays a protective role; it is also a vital endocrine organ that generates and integrates signals to influence metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue can lead to metabolic disturbance and diseases. To date, the complicated molecular mechanisms of bovine adipose tissue are still unknown.

Identification of key genes and functional enrichment pathways involved in fat deposition in Xinyang buffalo by WGCNA.

The Xinyang buffalo is a valuable and endangered domestic heritage resource in the Dabie Mountain region in China. With the increasing mechanization of agriculture, the Xinyang buffalo, mainly used for labor, faces unprecedented challenges. One of the feasible approaches to conserve and expand the species is to transfer Xinyang buffalo from service-use to meat-use, but the main hindrance to this transformation is the inferior meat quality of Xinyang buffalo, which is not popular with consumers.