Deciphering the dynamics: Exploring the impact of mechanical forces on histone acetylation.

Living cells navigate a complex landscape of mechanical cues that influence their behavior and fate, originating from both internal and external sources. At the molecular level, the translation of these physical stimuli into cellular responses relies on the intricate coordination of mechanosensors and transducers, ultimately impacting chromatin compaction and gene expression. Notably, epigenetic modifications on histone tails govern the accessibility of gene-regulatory sites, thereby regulating gene expression.

Nanomaterials as therapeutic agents to modulate astrocyte-mediated inflammation in spinal cord injury.

Promoting the recovery of neurological function in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) remains challenging. The balance between astrocyte-mediated neurotrophic and pro-inflammatory responses is critical for TSCI repair. Recently, the utilization of nanomaterials has been considerably explored in immunological reconstructive techniques that specifically target astrocyte-mediated inflammation, yielding positive outcomes.

Recent advance of small-molecule drugs for clinical treatment of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic neoplasm of plasma cells that is currently deemed incurable. Despite the introduction of novel immunomodulators and proteasome inhibitors, MM remains a challenging disease with high rates of relapse and refractoriness. The management of refractory and relapsed MM patients remains a formidable task, primarily due to the emergence of multiple drug resistance.

Clinically approved small-molecule drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune ailment that is typified by the development of pannus, proliferation of synovial lining cells, microvascular neogenesis, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and destruction of cartilage and bone tissue. The disease not only imposes physical pain and economic burden on patients, but also results in a significant decline in their quality of life, rendering it a leading cause of disability. General treatment and drugs are commonly employed to alleviate the condition and symptoms of RA.

Case report and literature review: Giant retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.

Background: Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of the lymphatic system, which is most commonly observed in the neck, head and armpit.Less than 5% of lymphangiomas occur in the abdominal cavity and even less in the retroperitoneum.

Case Description: A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an "abdominal mass that had persisted for 1 year, accompanied by abdominal pain, abdominal distension and dyspnea for 7 days".

Description of Clinical Features and Diagnoses of 444 Cases with Neck-Shoulder-Upper Extremity Pain: A Single-Center Retrospective Review.

Purpose: Neck-shoulder-upper extremity pain (NSUEP) is a frequently occurring clinical constellation of syndromes. However, its etiology is complicated, and the diagnosis is challenging. We aimed to present detailed clinical characteristics and diagnoses of NSUEP from a single center and heighten clinicians' understanding of this condition.

Case Report: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine: A rare case with dysphagia and neurological deficit and literature review.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is characterized by the calcification and ossification of ligaments and tendons. Progressive dysphagia caused by DISH-related anterior cervical osteophytes and deteriorating dysphagia caused by DISH combined with neurological dysfunction resulting from the posterior longitudinal ligament is rare. The initial diagnosis is misleading and patients often consult several specialists before spine surgeons.

Lumbar Facet Joint Effusion on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Do Different Joint Effusion Images Have Different Clinical Values?

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the significance of the distribution of lumbar facet joint effusion (unilateral or bilateral) and the amount of joint effusion in the process of lumbar degeneration.

Methods: A total of 142 patients with L4-5 lumbar facet joint effusion in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, including 69 cases of unilateral facet joint effusion and 73 cases of bilateral facet joint effusion. The correlation between joint effusion width, effusion area and lumbar stability, facet joint degeneration grade, lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration index, and lumbosacral angle (LSA) was analyzed.

Response of Gli1 Suture Stem Cells to Mechanical Force Upon Suture Expansion.

Normal development of craniofacial sutures is crucial for cranial and facial growth in all three dimensions. These sutures provide a unique niche for suture stem cells (SuSCs), which are indispensable for homeostasis, damage repair, as well as stress balance. Expansion appliances are now routinely used to treat underdevelopment of the skull and maxilla, stimulating the craniofacial sutures through distraction osteogenesis.

A Quartet Network Analysis Identifying Mechanically Responsive Long Noncoding RNAs in Bone Remodeling.

Mechanical force, being so ubiquitous that it is often taken for granted and overlooked, is now gaining the spotlight for reams of evidence corroborating their crucial roles in the living body. The bone, particularly, experiences manifold extraneous force like strain and compression, as well as intrinsic cues like fluid shear stress and physical properties of the microenvironment. Though sparkled in diversified background, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) concerning the mechanotransduction process that bone undergoes are not yet detailed in a systematic way.

The vital role of Gli1 mesenchymal stem cells in tissue development and homeostasis.

The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in both tissue development and homeostasis. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) is one of the vital transcriptional factors as well as the direct target gene in the Hh signaling pathway. The cells expressing the Gli1 gene (Gli1 cells) have been identified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are responsible for various tissue developments, homeostasis, and injury repair.

Comparative Research on Tensile Properties of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt-Standard Sand (CAS) Mortar and Cement-Emulsified Asphalt-Rubber Particle (CAR) Mortar.

The paper compared the tensile strength and elongation at break of cement-emulsified asphalt-standard sand (CAS) mortar and cement-emulsified asphalt-rubber particle (CAR) mortar. The tensile properties of CAS and CAR mortars were investigated. Microscopic analysis was carried out by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer.

DMP1 prevents osteocyte alterations, FGF23 elevation and left ventricular hypertrophy in mice with chronic kidney disease.

During chronic kidney disease (CKD), alterations in bone and mineral metabolism include increased production of the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) that may contribute to cardiovascular mortality. The osteocyte protein dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) reduces FGF23 and enhances bone mineralization, but its effects in CKD are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that DMP1 supplementation in CKD would improve bone health, prevent FGF23 elevations and minimize consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Application of Cell Lineage Tracing Combined with Immunofluorescence in the Study of Dentinogenesis.

The cell lineage tracing system has been used predominantly in developmental biology studies. The Cre recombinase allows for the activation of the reporter in a specific cell line and all progeny. In this protocol, we will introduce how the cell lineage tracing technique can be performed in the investigation of dentinogenesis by using Gli1-Cre; R26R compound mice.

Deletion of ferroportin in murine myeloid cells increases iron accumulation and stimulates osteoclastogenesis and .

Osteoporosis, osteopenia, and pathological bone fractures are frequent complications of iron-overload conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease. Moreover, animal models of iron overload have revealed increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Although systemic iron overload affects multiple organs and tissues, leading to significant changes on bone modeling and remodeling, the cell autonomous effects of excessive iron on bone cells remain unknown.

A novel auditory ossicles membrane and the development of conductive hearing loss in Dmp1-null mice.

Genetic mouse models are widely used for understanding human diseases but we know much less about the anatomical structure of the auditory ossicles in the mouse than we do about human ossicles. Furthermore, current studies have mainly focused on disease conditions such as osteomalacia and rickets in patients with hypophosphatemia rickets, although the reason that these patients develop late-onset hearing loss is unknown. In this study, we first analyzed Dmp1 lac Z knock-in auditory ossicles (in which the blue reporter is used to trace DMP1 expression in osteocytes) using X-gal staining and discovered a novel bony membrane surrounding the mouse malleus.

Involvement of Histone Lysine Methylation in p21 Gene Expression in Rat Kidney In Vivo and Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro under Diabetic Conditions.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common complication associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by glomerular mesangial expansion, inflammation, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, and hypertrophy, is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence suggested that p21-dependent glomerular and mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy play key roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Recently, posttranscriptional modifications (PTMs) have uncovered novel molecular mechanisms involved in DN.

Histone Acetylation and Its Modifiers in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide despite advances in its prevention and management. A comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to DN is required to develop more effective therapeutic options. It is becoming more evident that histone acetylation (HAc), as one of the epigenetic mechanisms, is thought to be associated with the etiology of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and DN.

Histone Lysine Methylation in TGF-β1 Mediated p21 Gene Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells.

Transforming growth factor beta1- (TGF-β1-) induced p21-dependent mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Increasing evidence demonstrated the role of posttranscriptional modifications (PTMs) in the event; however, the precise regulatory mechanism of histone lysine methylation remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the roles of both histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 9 methylations (H3K4me/H3K9me) in TGF-β1 induced p21 gene expression in rat mesangial cells (RMCs).

Review of Herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious chronic complications of diabetes; 20-40% of diabetic patients develop into end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, exact pathogenesis of DN is not fully clear and we have great difficulties in curing DN; poor treatment of DN led to high chances of mortality worldwide. A lot of western medicines such as ACEI and ARB have been demonstrated to protect renal function of DN but are not enough to delay or retard the progression of DN; therefore, exploring exact and feasible drug is current research hotspot in medicine.