Publications by authors named "Chaoyu Zhai"

Article Synopsis
  • Understanding pork tenderness and quality is complicated due to insufficient knowledge of the molecular factors involved, which this study aims to address through metabolomic and proteomic profiling.
  • The research involved analyzing 100 pork chops, aged for about two weeks, categorized by their tenderness using a star probe instrument, to identify differences in protein and metabolite levels.
  • Significant variations in the presence of 84 proteins and 22 metabolites were found between the most tender (Category A) and least tender pork chops (Category D), suggesting that tenderness is linked to slower pH decline and changes in muscle proteins.
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The objective was to understand the impacts of secondary lipid oxidation products on calpain-2 activity and autolysis and, subsequently, to determine the quantity and localization of modification sites. 2-Hexenal and 4-hydroxynonenal incubation significantly decreased calpain-2 activity and slowed the progression of autolysis, while malondialdehyde had minimal impact on calpain-2 activity and autolysis. Specific modification sites were determined with LC-MS/MS, including distinct malondialdehyde modification sites on the calpain-2 catalytic and regulatory subunits.

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Fresh pork tenderness contributes to consumer satisfaction with the eating experience. Postmortem proteolysis of proteins within and between myofibrils has been closely linked with pork tenderness development. A clear understanding of the molecular features associated with pork tenderness development will provide additional targets and open the door to new solutions to improve and make pork tenderness development more consistent.

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The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA), hexenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), on calpain-1 function, and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identification of adducts on calpain-1. Calpain-1 activity slightly increased after incubation with 100 μM MDA but not with 500 and 1000 μM MDA. However, calpain-1 activity was lowered by hexenal and HNE at 100, 500, and 1000 μM.

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Article Synopsis
  • Unpredictable variation in fresh pork quality, particularly water-holding capacity, presents challenges for pork processors and consumers, highlighting the need for better quality prediction methods.
  • The study analyzed the sarcoplasmic proteome of aged pork loins to understand the differences in purge loss, categorizing samples into Low, Intermediate, and High purge groups based on their moisture retention.
  • Findings revealed that the Low purge group had a higher abundance of structural proteins compared to the High purge group, suggesting these proteins could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting pork water-holding capacity.
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Unlabelled: Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) is a type of ambient ionization mass spectrometry, which enables real-time evaluation of several complex traits from a single measurement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of REIMS analysis of raw samples coupled with chemometrics to accurately identify and predict cooked beef palatability. REIMS analysis and consumer sensory evaluation were conducted for beef arm center roasts (n = 20), top loin steaks (n = 20), top sirloin steaks (n = 20), and 20% lipid ground beef (n = 20).

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Article Synopsis
  • Tenderness is a key factor influencing consumer satisfaction and purchasing decisions for fresh beef, but predicting and managing it is complex due to various contributing factors.
  • This study analyzed proteomic profiles of beef longissimus lumborum steaks with different tenderness levels to identify potential biomarkers associated with tenderness.
  • The analysis found 51 differentially abundant proteins related to biological processes such as muscle contraction and metabolism, revealing insights into how tenderness varies in steaks over time, with implications for meat quality management.
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Pulmonary hypertension is a noninfectious disease of cattle at altitudes > 1524 m (5,000 ft). Mean pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) are used as an indicator for pulmonary hypertension in cattle. High PAP cattle (≥50 mmHg) entering the feedlot at moderate elevations have lower feed efficiency as compared to low PAP cattle (< 50 mmHg).

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Normally, preslaughter acute heat stress could accelerate postmortem glycolysis and impair chicken breast ( muscle) quality. However, previous studies indicated that it might be different when the acute heat stress temperature rises to an extreme range (above 35 °C). Therefore, this study's objectives were to compare the pH decline, glycolytic enzyme activity, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation at early postmortem among three extreme acute heat stress temperature settings: a control group (36 °C) and two experimental groups (38 °C and 40 °C).

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Bovine (LL) and (PM) muscles biopsy samples were collected from four carcasses ( = 4) at 45 min, 12 h, and 36 h postmortem from a commercial beef processing facility. Proteins present in the early postmortem LL and PM proteomes were identified and quantified using tandem mass tag (TMT) labelled, fractionated peptides coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The data are supplied in this article and are related to "Tandem mass tag labeling to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period" by Zhai et al.

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Previous research has indicated that variation in the proteome profile of longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) post-rigor influences meat quality attributes such as tenderness and color stability during retail display. Tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling is a chemical labeling approach using isobaric mass tags for accurate mass spectrometry-based quantification and identification of biological macromolecules. The objective of this study was to use TMT labeling to examine proteome profile variation between beef LL and PM during the early postmortem period (45 min, 12 h, and 36 h).

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The biochemical basis of lower metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA) in high-oxygen modified atmospheric packaged (HiOx-MAP) beef than those in vacuum and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) packaging is not clear. To explore this, the effects of lipid oxidation products with varying carbon chain length on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and NADH-dependent metmyoglobin reductase activity were evaluated. Surface color, MRA, and lipid oxidation of beef longissimus lumborum steaks ( = 10) were measured during 6-day display.

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