Horizontal gene transfer and symbiotic microorganisms regulate the adaptive evolution of intertidal algae, Porphyra sense lato.

Intertidal algae may adapt to environmental challenges by acquiring genes from other organisms and relying on symbiotic microorganisms. Here, we obtained a symbiont-free and chromosome-level genome of Pyropia haitanensis (47.2 Mb), a type of intertidal algae, by using multiple symbiont screening methods.

regulates photosynthesis-related genes in an intertidal macroalgae, under stress.

Intertidal macroalgae are important research subjects in stress biology. Basic region-leucine zipper transcription factors (bZIPs) play an important regulatory role in the expression of target genes under abiotic stress. We herein identified a bZIP2 gene to regulate abiotic stress tolerance in , a representative intertidal macroalgal species.

Environmental heterogeneity caused by large-scale cultivation of Pyropia haitanensis shapes multi-group biodiversity distribution in coastal areas.

The response of marine biodiversity to mariculture has long been a research focus in marine ecology. However, the effects of seaweed cultivation on biological community assembly are poorly understood, especially in diverse communities with distinct ecological characteristics. In this study, we used environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of bacterial, protistan, and metazoan diversity, aiming to reveal the mechanisms of community assembly in the Pyropia haitanensis cultivation zone along the Fujian coast, China.

Interactions between nitrogen and phosphorus modulate the food quality of the marine crop Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang & B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi & M. Miyata (Porphyra haitanensis).

The quality of Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang & B.

Investigating the Mechanisms Underlying the Low Irradiance-Tolerance of the Economically Important Seaweed Species .

, one of the most economically and ecologically important seaweed species, is often exposed to persistent or transient low irradiance (LI), resulting in limited yield and quality. However, the mechanisms mediating responses to LI are largely unknown. In this study, LI-tolerant (LIT) and LI-sensitive (LIS) strains were compared regarding their physiological and transcriptomic changes induced by 1 and 4 days of LI (5 μmol photons/m·s).

Na /K -ATPase regulates the K /Na homeostasis in the intertidal macroalgae, , in response to salt stress.

In plants under hypersaline stress, the main transporter that extrudes sodium ions (Na ) is the Na /H antiporter SOS1. Different from land plants, the intertidal macroalgae, contains an animal-type Na /K -ATPase as well as the SOS1 system. However, the contribution of Na /K -ATPase to the K /Na homeostasis of intertidal macroalgae remains unclear.

Cultivation of different seaweed species and seasonal changes cause divergence of the microbial community in coastal seawaters.

Although the effects of certain species of seaweed on the microbial community structure have long been a research focus in marine ecology, the response of the microbial community to seasons and different seaweed species is poorly understood. In the present study, a total of 39 seawater samples were collected during 3 months from three zones: cultivation zones (P), mixed cultivation zones (G), and control zones (C). These samples were then analyzed using 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to ascertain the fungal and bacterial communities, respectively, along with the determination of environmental factors.

Transcriptome Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Key Genes Regulating Conchosporangia Maturation of .

Conchosporangia maturation is crucial for the yield of . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. In this study, we selected two strains of that show significant differences in conchosporangia maturation as materials to produce RNA-Seq libraries.

The response of Pyropia haitanensis to inorganic arsenic under laboratory culture.

Up to now, complicated organoarsenicals were mainly identified in marine organisms, suggesting that these organisms play a critical role in arsenic biogeochemical cycling because of low phosphate and relatively high arsenic concentration in the marine environment. However, the response of marine macroalgae to inorganic arsenic remains unknown. In this study, Pyropia haitanensis were exposed to arsenate [As(V)] (0.

Insight into transketolase of Pyropia haitanensis under desiccation stress based on integrative analysis of omics and transformation.

Background: Pyropia haitanensis, distributes in the intertidal zone, can tolerate water losses exceeding 90%. However, the mechanisms enabling P. haitanensis to survive harsh conditions remain uncharacterized.

Regulatory mechanisms underlying the maintenance of homeostasis in Pyropia haitanensis under hypersaline stress conditions.

Intertidal macroalgae are highly resistant to hypersaline stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the mechanism behind Pyropia haitanensis responses to two hypersaline stress conditions [100‰ (HSS_100) and 110‰ (HSS_110)] was investigated via analyses of physiological and transcriptomic changes.

Transcriptomic study to understand thermal adaptation in a high temperature-tolerant strain of Pyropia haitanensis.

Pyropia haitanensis, a high-yield commercial seaweed in China, is currently undergoing increasing levels of high-temperature stress due to gradual global warming. The mechanisms of plant responses to high temperature stress vary with not only plant type but also the degree and duration of high temperature. To understand the mechanism underlying thermal tolerance in P.

Cells tile a flat plane by controlling geometries during morphogenesis of thalli.

Background: thalli, which are made of a single layer of polygonal cells, are a perfect model for studying the morphogenesis of multi-celled organisms because their cell proliferation process is an excellent example of the manner in which cells control their geometry to create a two-dimensional plane.

Methods: Cellular geometries of thalli at different stages of growth revealed by light microscope analysis.

Results: This study showed the cell division transect the middle of the selected paired-sides to divide the cell into two equal portions, thus resulting in cell sides ≥4 and keeping the average number of cell sides at approximately six even as the thallus continued to grow, such that more than 90% of the cells in thalli longer than 0.

Differential Proteomic Analysis by iTRAQ Reveals the Mechanism of Pyropia haitanensis Responding to High Temperature Stress.

Global warming increases sea temperature and leads to high temperature stress, which affects the yield and quality of Pyropia haitanensis. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying high temperature stress in a high temperature tolerance strain Z-61, the iTRAQ technique was employed to reveal the global proteomic response of Z-61 under different durations of high temperature stress. We identified 151 differentially expressed proteins and classified them into 11 functional categories.

Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci for economic traits of a doubled haploid population of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

Background: Pyropia haitanensis is one of the most economically important mariculture crops in China. A high-density genetic map has not been published yet and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping has not been undertaken for P. haitanensis because of a lack of sufficient molecular markers.

Characterization of the global transcriptome for Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) and development of cSSR markers.

Background: Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important mariculture crop in China and is also valuable in life science research. However, the lack of genetic information of this organism hinders the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of specific traits. Thus, high-throughput sequencing is needed to generate a number of transcriptome sequences to be used for gene discovery and molecular marker development.

[Advances in cell biological researches on male sterility of higher plants].

Male sterility of higher plants is multiform in pollen abortion and has varied and complicated mechanisms. It is an active field to probe the mechanisms. Recently, some new results in this field have been obtained by using the methods of cell biology, including the structure and function of tapetal cell, the changes in Ca(2+) distribution, ATPase activity distribution, cytoskeleton array and programmed cell death in anther cells.

[Calcium distribution in fertile and sterile anthers of a genic male sterile Chinese cabbage].

Potassium antimonite was used to locate calcium in the fertile and sterile anthers of a genic male sterile Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) to probe the relation between Ca(2+) and fertility and sterility of anthers of the cabbage.

[The dynamic of calcium distribution during megasporegenesis of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)].

Potassium antimonite was used to deposit calcium in the young ovule of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) at megasporogenesis stage to study the relationship between calcium and megaspore degeneration. At the megaspore mother cell stage, few calcium granules were formed in the cell (Plate I-1, 2).

[The distribution of calcium in the stigma and style of tobacco during pollen germination and tube growth].

After pollen grains of tobacco landed on stigma they begin to hydrate and form many small vesicles containing some calcium grains in cytoplasm. The calcium stored in pollen wall is released into tectum of stigma to make a calcium-rich environment. When a pollen tube penetrates the tectum and grows between stigma cells, numerous calcium precipitates appear in the tip tube wall.

[The electron microscopic in situ hybridization and its application].

The technique of electron microsco-pic in situ hybridization is applying in situ hybridization at the electron microscopic level. It is mainly used in the ultrastructural localization of the lablled DNA, RNA and RHA in a cell and/or a tissue. In this paper I mainly elaborated its establishment and classification, and the operation procedure of nonradioactive electron microscopic in situ hybridization and some points for attention.