Illustrating the nonlinear effects of urban form factors on transportation carbon emissions based on gradient boosting decision trees.

While prior studies have examined the effects of urban form on transportation carbon emissions, the exploration of nonlinear influences remains limited. This study presents an approach that transcends simple quantification of urban form's impact on transportation carbon emissions by also identifying the threshold range over which urban form variables exert their influence. Using 282 Chinese prefecture-level cities as the sample, this study employs gradient boosting decision trees to identify the nonlinear effects and the relative importance of urban form factors on transportation carbon emissions.

Balancing grain yield and environmental performance by optimizing planting patterns of rice-wheat cropping systems.

To alleviate the adverse consequences of conventional planting of the rice-wheat cropping system and achieve long-term sustainability, a 3-cycle experiment (2019-2022) was conducted to investigate the effects of six planting patterns (PPs) on the grain yield and environmental performance. PP1 entailed annual rotary tillage (RT) without straw returning but without fertilization for rice and wheat seasons. PP2 was the same as PP1 but involved fertilization.

Built environment influences on urban climate resilience: Evidence from extreme heat events in Macau.

Systematic understanding of climate resilience in the urban context is essential to improve the adaptive capacity in response to extreme weather events. Although the urban built environment affects climate resilience, empirical evidence on the associations between the built environment and urban climate resilience is rare in the literature. In this study, urban heat resilience (HR) is measured as the land surface temperature (LST) difference in a given urban area between normal and extreme heat event, and it further explores the impact of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) urban built environment features on HR.

How resilient are localities planning for climate change? An evaluation of 50 plans in the United States.

Resilience has increasingly become the principal management priority and planning goal for cities, especially for climate change adaptation. Yet few studies have evaluated whether and how well resilience are integrated into climate change adaptation planning. In this study, we first conceptualized resilience as five key elements (i.

Spatial congruency or mismatch? Analyzing the COVID-19 potential infection risk and urban density as businesses reopen.

Countries worldwide are reopening their businesses despite the continuing COVID-19 crisis and the emergence of new variants. In this context, knowing whether the reopening of businesses at various locations exposes higher risk to the public is essential. Whether urban density correlates with the potential infection risk as concluded by previous studies of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unknown.

[Effects of tillage and sowing practices on plant growth, soil nutrient uptake and utilization of wheat after rice].

From 2016 to 2018, a field trial on three tillage and sowing practices, deep rotary tillage before sowing (DRT), shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing (SRT), and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing (NT), was conducted to evaluate shoot growth, soil nutrient uptake, and utilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa) in Guanghan, Sichuan Province, China. Compared with DRT, both SRT and NT improved tillering capacity and fertile shoot rate. In 2016-2017, grain yield did not differ among the treatments, whereas in 2017-2018, NT had significantly higher grain yield (10.

[Effects of different tillage and sowing practices on root growth, soil moisture, and soil nitrate nitrogen content of wheat after rice].

With deep rotary tillage before sowing (DRT) as control, the effects of shallow rotary tillage with simultaneous sowing (SRT) and strip tillage under no tillage conditions along with sowing (NT) on root growth, soil moisture, and soil nitrate content of wheat (Triticum aestivum) after rice (Oryza sativa) were examined from 2016 to 2018. Compared with DRT, NT and SRT resulted in higher soil water content, and lower soil nitrate content in the plow layer before booting. There was no significant difference in root weight density and root surface area density among the treatments at jointing and anthesis stages.

Urban Form, Air Quality, and Cardiorespiratory Mortality: A Path Analysis.

With the unprecedented urbanization during the past three decades, air quality in many Chinese cities has been a serious issue which poses great challenges for urban sustainability. This study examines the health consequences of development patterns in China by establishing the linkage between urban form, air pollution level, and cardiorespiratory mortality rate. We assembled a dataset by compiling a series of variables from multiple sources, including China's Disease Surveillance Points (DSP) system, which forms a nationally representative sample of mortality for the year 2005, Chinese census, satellite imagery, and the Chinese National Land Use Database.

[Effect of waterlogging on physical traits and yield of wheat in Sichuan, China].

Following a two-factor split plot design, two popular varieties ( Neimai836 and Chuanmail04) were used to study the effects of waterlogging at four growth stages (seedling, jointing, booting and anthesis) on wheat growth and yield formation during two growing seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). The resulted showed that the greatest yield penalty occurred when waterlogging happened at the seedling stage (10% - 15% decrease), and it was alleviated when waterlogging happened at the other stages. Waterlogging during the seedling stage significantly reduced SPAD of 2nd-6th leaves, tillers and spike number per plant, productive ears, dry matter accumulation after flowering and dry matter at maturity.