Microbial Dynamics and Pathogen Control During Fermentation of Distiller Grains: Effects of Fermentation Time on Feed Safety.

Determining the effects of fermentation duration on the microbial ecosystem, potential pathogenic risks, and metabolite generation during the fermentation of distilled grains is essential for safeguarding the safety and enhancing the nutritional profile of animal feed. This study investigates the effect of varying fermentation times (9, 30, and 60 days) on microbial diversity, pathogenic risk, and metabolite profiles in distiller grains using 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics. The results showed that early fermentation (9-30 days) enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as and ( < 0.

Epiphytic microbiota source stimulates the fermentation profile and bacterial community of alfalfa-corn mixed silage.

The epiphytic microbiota source on plants plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality silage. To gain a better understanding of its contribution, the microbiota of alfalfa (M1C0), corn (M0C1) and the resulting mixture (M1C1) was applied in alfalfa-corn mixed silage production system. M1C0 decreased ammonia-N levels in terms of total nitrogen (57.

Contribution of the bacterial community of poorly fermented oat silage to biogas emissions on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.

To better utilize poorly fermented oat silage on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, 239 samples of this biomass were collected from the plateau temperate zone (PTZ), plateau subboreal zone (PSBZ), and nonplateau climatic zone (NPCZ) in the region and analyzed for microbial community, chemical composition and in vitro gas production. Climatic factors affect the bacterial α-diversity and β-diversity of poorly fermented oat silage, which led to the NPCZ having the highest relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Furthermore, the gas production analysis showed that the NPCZ had the highest maximum cumulative gas emissions of methane.

Potential for volatile fatty acid production via anaerobically-fermenting rice straw pretreated with silage effluent and phenyllactic acid.

To resolve environmental problems associated with rice straw and silage effluent disposal, silage effluent pretreating rice straw for the anaerobic production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was investigated. To prevent the lactic acid bacteria in silage effluent from inhibiting anaerobic fermentation, four phenyllactic acid (PLA) levels were set (0, 0.1, 0.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and their mixture on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of cellulase-treated silage.

The present study investigated the effects of , , and a mixture of the two on the cellulose degradation and microbial community of cellulase-treated (CTPS) during biological pretreatment. The CTPS was stored without additives (CK) or with (L), yeast (Y, ), and their mixture (LY) under anaerobic conditions for 60 days. All inoculants enhanced the anaerobic fermentation of CTPS.

Role of Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum during anaerobic storage of ear-removed corn on biogas production.

To optimize the volatile fatty acid production for anaerobic fermentation, the ear-removed corn was ensiled without (control) or with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (LC) and L. paraplantarum (LpP). Inoculation of LpP increased acetic acid content by 40%, and decreased butyric acid content by 38% in relative to control.

Influence of Fermented-Moutai Distillers' Grain on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Blood Metabolites of Finishing Cattle.

The present study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with fermented-Moutai distillers' grain (FMDG) on the growth performance, meat quality, amino acid composition and blood metabolites of finishing cattle. Thirty cattle (2 years old; 237.55 ± 10.

Effects of Additives on Silage Fermentation Characteristic and In Vitro Digestibility of Perennial Oat at Different Maturity Stages on the Qinghai Tibetan.

To effectively use local grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of perennial oat ( Henr.) were investigated. Perennial oat was harvested at the heading/flowering stage, wilted under sunny conditions, chopped, vacuumed in small bag silos, and stored at ambient temperatures (5-15 °C) for 60 days.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparing ultrasonography with two-stage screening.

Aim: To assess the cost-effectiveness of two population-based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening programs, two-stage biomarker-ultrasound method and mass screening using abdominal ultrasonography (AUS).

Methods: In this study, we applied a Markov decision model with a societal perspective and a lifetime horizon for the general population-based cohorts in an area with high HCC incidence, such as Taiwan. The accuracy of biomarkers and ultrasonography was estimated from published meta-analyses.

Effectiveness of fecal immunochemical testing in reducing colorectal cancer mortality from the One Million Taiwanese Screening Program.

Background: The effectiveness of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality has not yet been fully assessed in a large, population-based service screening program.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of the follow-up of approximately 5 million Taiwanese from 2004 to 2009 was conducted to compare CRC mortality for an exposed (screened) group and an unexposed (unscreened) group in a population-based CRC screening service targeting community residents of Taiwan who were 50 to 69 years old. Given clinical capacity, this nationwide screening program was first rolled out in 2004.

Fluoxetine a novel anti-hepatitis C virus agent via ROS-, JNK-, and PPARβ/γ-dependent pathways.

More than 20% of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN-α)-based anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy experienced significant depression, which was relieved by treatment with fluoxetine. However, whether and how fluoxetine affected directly the anti-HCV therapy remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that fluoxetine inhibited HCV infection and blocked the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid accumulation in Huh7.

Rosiglitazone regulates anti-inflammation and growth inhibition via PTEN.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, the mechanisms by which PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone interferes with inflammation and cancer via phosphatase and tensin homolog-(PTEN)-dependent pathway remain unclear. We found that lower doses (<25  μ M) of rosiglitazone significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release (via inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (via cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and activation of Akt in RAW 264.

A new insight into fecal hemoglobin concentration-dependent predictor for colorectal neoplasia.

We sought to assess how much of the variation in incidence of colorectal neoplasia is explained by baseline fecal hemoglobin concentration (FHbC) and also to assess the additional predictive value of conventional risk factors. We enrolled subjects aged 40 years and over who attended screening for colorectal cancer with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in Keelung community-based integrated screening program. The accelerated failure time model was used to train the clinical weights of covariates in the prediction model.

Application of quantitative estimates of fecal hemoglobin concentration for risk prediction of colorectal neoplasia.

Aim: To determine the role of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), used to evaluate fecal hemoglobin concentration, in the prediction of histological grade and risk of colorectal tumors.

Methods: We enrolled 17881 individuals who attended the two-step colorectal cancer screening program in a single hospital between January 2010 and October 2011. Colonoscopy was recommended to the participants with an FIT of ≥ 12 ngHb/mL buffer.

Predictors of long-term survival in hepatocellular carcinomas: A longitudinal follow-up of 108 patients with small tumors.

Aim: Locoregional treatment [including percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) therapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)] provides an alternative treatment for early-diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the long-term survival of patients after locoregional treatments remains unclear.

Patients And Methods: A total of 108 patients with small HCC not indicated for surgical hepatic resection were recruited between 1991 and 1999.

Impact of faecal haemoglobin concentration on colorectal cancer mortality and all-cause death.

Objective: To assess the effect of an incremental increase in faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) concentration on colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and all-cause death.

Design: We conducted an observational study of cohorts over time based on two population-based CRC screening programmes.

Setting: Two cities of Taiwan.

Accuracy of faecal occult blood test and Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test for detection of upper gastrointestinal lesions.

Objective: Highly sensitive guaiac-based faecal occult blood (Hemoccult SENSA) and Helicobacter pylori stool antigen testing might help detect upper gastrointestinal lesions when appended to a colorectal cancer screening programme with faecal immunochemical testing. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracies of two stool tests in detecting upper gastrointestinal lesions.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Blockade of reactive oxygen species and Akt activation is critical for anti-inflammation and growth inhibition of metformin in phosphatase and tensin homolog-deficient RAW264.7 cells.

Context: Metformin is widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes and has a potential application on the treatment of inflammation and cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and inflammation; however, precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of how PTEN regulates metformin against cell growth and inflammation.

Evaluation of abdominal ultrasonography mass screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan.

Unlabelled: Mass screening with abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) has been suggested as a tool to control adult hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals, but its efficacy in reducing HCC mortality has never been demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of reducing HCC mortality by mass AUS screening for HCC based on a program designed and implemented in the Changhua Community-based Integrated Screening (CHCIS) program with an efficient invitation scheme guided by the risk score. We invited 11,114 (27.

Comparing the outcomes of two strategies for colorectal tumor detection: policy-promoted screening program versus health promotion service.

Background: The Taiwanese government has proposed a population-based colorectal tumor detection program for the average-risk population. This study's objectives were to understand the outcomes of these screening policies and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

Methods: We compared two databases compiled in one medical center.

CD44/CD24 expression in recurrent gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis.

Background: To correlate CD44/CD24 expression with gastric cancer recurrence and prognosis. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality due to the high recurrence rate, of which the molecular signature has not yet been identified.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of patients with gastric cancer.

Endoscopic Management of Gastric Polyp with Outlet Obstruction without Polypectomy.

Although gastric polyp is usually an incidental endoscopic finding, large-sized polyps can cause symptoms ranging from epigastralgia to bleeding from ulcerated polyps and gastric outlet obstruction. Although the gold standard of treatment is removal of the polyp either through endoscopic polypectomy or surgical excision, complications associated with these procedures cannot be ignored. The risk becomes a major concern for patients at high risk for surgery when complications arise.

Baseline faecal occult blood concentration as a predictor of incident colorectal neoplasia: longitudinal follow-up of a Taiwanese population-based colorectal cancer screening cohort.

Background: Despite widespread use of the immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT), little is known about the subsequent risk of developing colorectal neoplasia for participants with negative iFOBT results. We investigated whether the concentration of faecal haemoglobin at the first screen is predictive of the subsequent incidence of colorectal neoplasia in those with a negative screening result.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2007, we did a prospective cohort study within the Keelung community-based iFOBT screening programme for residents aged 40-69 years, using a cutoff faecal haemoglobin concentration of 100 ng/mL to classify attendees as negative and positive groups for further clinical investigations.

Gastrointestinal bleeding and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a hemorrhagic complication after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Objectives: To determine predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding and the impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods And Results: Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 18 (3.