In-Situ Grafting Strategy Enables Functional Separator for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

A functional separator is developed by in-situ grafting nickel tetraaminophthalocyanine (NiTAPc) onto the surface of polypropylene (PP). It is applied to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides (PSs) in lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries. The characterization results showed that NiTAPc is highly dispersed and uniformly grafted onto PP separator.

The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice.

Objective: High-fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models.

Methods: A total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high-fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.

In Situ Gelled Covalent Organic Frameworks Electrolyte with Long-Range Interconnected Skeletons for Superior Ionic Conductivity.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) present an ideal platform for ion transport owing to their tunable and ordered nanochannels at the single-digit scale. However, achieving superior COF-based electrolytes remains challenging because of the mismatch between the intricate synthesis processes of COFs and the battery preparation environment, which makes it difficult to build continuous ion channels and low-impedance electrochemical interfaces for devices. Here, we present an in situ gelation method to produce COF gel electrolytes (CGEs) within liquid carbonate electrolyte, integrating COF synthesis with their applicability in batteries.

Synthesis of FeOOH/Zn(OH)/CoS Ferromagnetic Nanocomposites and the Enhanced Mechanism of Magnetic Field for Their Electrochemical Performances.

The FeOOH/Zn(OH)/CoS (FZC) nanocomposites are synthesized and show the outstanding electrochemical properties in both supercapacitor and catalytic hydrogen production. The specific area capacitance reaches 17.04 F cm, which is more than ten times higher than that of FeOOH/Zn(OH) (FZ) substrate: 1.

Intelligent quantitative recognition of sulfide using machine learning-based ratiometric fluorescence probe of metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH/Ppix.

Sulfides possess either high toxicity or play crucial physiological role such as gas transmitter dependent upon dosage, hence the significant for their rapid sensitive and selective concentration determination. Herein, a machine learning enhanced ratiometric fluorescence sensor was engineered for sulfide determination by incorporating the nanometal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH) along with protoporphyrin IX (Ppix). The blue fluorescence at 431 nm originated from the moiety of UiO-66-NH by 365 nm excitation serves as an internal calibration reference signal, while the red fluorescence at 629 nm from the moiety of Ppix serves as the analytical signal, and the intensity is correlated to the amount of sulfides.

Maternal High Fat Diet in Lactation Impacts Hypothalamic Neurogenesis and Neurotrophic Development, Leading to Later Life Susceptibility to Obesity in Male but Not Female Mice.

Early life nutrition can reprogram development and exert long-term consequences on body weight regulation. In mice, maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during lactation predisposed male but not female offspring to diet-induced obesity when adult. Molecular and cellular changes in the hypothalamus at important time points are examined in the early postnatal life in relation to maternal diet and demonstrated sex-differential hypothalamic reprogramming.

On the passive shimming of a 7 T whole-body MRI superconducting magnet: Implementation with minimized ferromagnetic materials usage and operable magnetic force control.

Background: Magnetic field shimming of the magnet is a routine practice in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. For clinically-used 1.5 T or 3 T MRI superconducting magnets, it is generally straightforward to achieve desired magnetic field uniformity with the passive shim technique.

Systematic Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated with IgA Nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is reportedly associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the microbiome dysregulation of IgAN patients across multiple niches remains unclear. To gain a systematic understanding of microbial dysbiosis, we conducted large-scale 16S rRNA gene sequencing in IgAN patients and healthy volunteers across 1,732 oral, pharynx, gut, and urine samples.

NAFLDkb: A Knowledge Base and Platform for Drug Development against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with a broad spectrum of histologic manifestations. The rapidly growing prevalence and the complex pathologic mechanisms of NAFLD pose great challenges for treatment development. Despite tremendous efforts devoted to drug development, there are no FDA-approved medicines yet.

Modeling, analysis, and demonstration of a carrier-injection electro-absorption modulator at 2 µm on Ge-on-Si platform.

In this paper, a carrier-injection electro-absorption modulator (EAM) at 2 µm is demonstrated on Ge-on-Si platform. The EAM shows a compact size and high modulation efficiency due to the strong free-carrier electroabsorption (FCEA) effect in Ge. A modulation depth of 40 dB can be obtained under the injection current of only 420 mA.

Corrigendum: Increased variation in body weight and food intake is related to increased dietary fat but not increased carbohydrate or protein in mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.

In vivo animal study of the magnetic navigation system for capsule endoscope manipulation within the esophagus, stomach, and colorectum.

Background/purposes: Magnetic navigation capsule endoscopy (MNCE) is considered to be an important means to realize the controllable and precise examination of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the unstructured gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For the current magnetic navigation system (MNS), due to the limitation of workspace, driving force, and control method of the CE, only clinical application in the stomach has been realized, whereas the examination of other parts of the GI tract is still in the experimental stage. More preclinical studies are needed to achieve the multisite examination of the GI tract.

High-performance waveguide-coupled lateral Ge/Si avalanche photodetector.

A high-performance waveguide-coupled lateral avalanche photodetector (APD) is experimentally demonstrated without silicon epitaxy and charge layer ion implantation. At the wavelength of 1550 nm, it shows a high responsivity of 48 A/W and a gain-bandwidth product (GBP) of 360 GHz. Wide-open eye diagrams at 25 Gbps can be observed at various avalanche gains.

GeSn resonance cavity enhanced photodetector with gold bottom reflector for the L band optical communication.

In this work, GeSn resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) with 3.7% Sn content in a GeSn layer were fabricated on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The gold (Au) layer and the deposited SiO layer constitute the bottom reflector and top reflector of the RCE detectors, respectively.

The synthesis of CoS/MnCoO-MnO nanocomposites for supercapacitors and energy-saving H production.

In this study, CoS/MnCoO-MnO (CMM) nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal and then electrochemical deposition. Their electrochemical properties were systematically investigated for supercapacitors and energy-saving H production. As an electrode material for supercapacitor, CMM demonstrates a specific capacitance of 2320F g at 1 A/g, and maintains a specific capacitance of 1216F g at 10 A/g.

High-speed and high-power germanium photodetector based on a trapezoidal absorber.

A compact high-power germanium photodetector (Ge PD) is experimentally demonstrated by re-engineering light distribution in the absorber. Compared with a conventional Ge PD, the proposed structure shows a DC saturation photocurrent improved by 28.9% and 3 dB bandwidth as high as 49.

A fully automated sex estimation for proximal femur X-ray images through deep learning detection and classification.

Purpose: To develop a fully automated deep learning pipeline using digital radiographs to detect the proximal femur region for accurate automated sex estimation.

Method: Radiograph predictive features from 2122 Chinese Han clinical pelvic with ages ranging from 18 to 26 years were collected retrospectively to train and test the sex prediction model using deep machine learning's convolutional neural networks (CNN). Model performance was assessed using a Chinese Han population with 361 samples and a white population with 50 samples.

Increased Variation in Body Weight and Food Intake Is Related to Increased Dietary Fat but Not Increased Carbohydrate or Protein in Mice.

A variety of inbred mouse strains have been used for research in metabolic disorders. Despite being inbred, they display large inter-individual variability for many traits like food intake and body weight. However, the relationship between dietary macronutrients and inter-individual variation in body weight and food intake of different mouse strains is still unclear.

Body temperature is a more important modulator of lifespan than metabolic rate in two small mammals.

The relationships between metabolic rate, body temperature (T), body composition and ageing are complex, and not fully resolved. In particular, T and metabolic rate often change in parallel, making disentangling their effects difficult. Here we show that in both sexes of mice and hamsters exposure to a temperature of 32.

Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice.

Dietary macronutrient composition influences both hepatic function and aging. Previous work suggested that longevity and hepatic gene expression levels were highly responsive to dietary protein, but almost unaffected by other macronutrients. In contrast, we found expression of 4005, 4232, and 4292 genes in the livers of mice were significantly associated with changes in dietary protein (5%-30%), fat (20%-60%), and carbohydrate (10%-75%), respectively.

A single nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 () gene causes some of the panda's unique metabolic phenotypes.

The giant panda () is an iconic bear native to China, famous for eating almost exclusively bamboo. This unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity, reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism leading to lowered energy expenditure. These adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from a panda-unique single-nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 () gene, involved in thyroid hormone synthesis.

Protective effects of 5-heptadecylresorcinol against adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction through upregulation of Sirt3-mediated autophagy.

5-heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a natural phenolic lipid component and biomarker of whole grain rye consumption, has been widely reported to confer multiple health benefits. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its potential protective effect against obesity and other related diseases is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential role and mechanism of AR-C17 in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid disturbance of adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo.

High dietary protein and fat contents exacerbate hepatic senescence and SASP in mice.

Dietary choices have a profound impact on the aging process. In addition to the total amount of energy intake, macronutrient composition influences both health and lifespan. However, the exact mechanisms by which dietary macronutrients influence onset and progression of age-associated features remain poorly understood.

Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice.

Gut microbiota deficient mice demonstrate accelerated glucose clearance. However, which tissues are responsible for the upregulated glucose uptake remains unresolved, with different studies suggesting that browning of white adipose tissue, or modulated hepatic gluconeogenesis, may be related to enhanced glucose clearance when the gut microbiota is absent. Here, we investigate glucose uptake in 22 different tissues in 3 different mouse models.