Constructing and validating nomograms to predict risk and prognostic factors of distant metastasis in urothelial bladder cancer patients: a population-based retrospective study.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer worldwide and it has a poor prognosis for patients with distant metastasis. Nomograms are frequently used in clinical research, but no research has evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic factors of distant metastasis in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to analyze all patients diagnosed with UBC between 2000 and 2017.

All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induce apoptosis and modulate intracellular concentrations of calcium in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

We investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), alone and in combination, on apoptosis and intracellular calcium concentration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. We used HepG2 cells to test the effects of ATRA and ATO, individually and in combination, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular-free calcium concentration. The results indicate that each drug decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and increased intracellular-free calcium in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Relationship between survivin expression and recurrence, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To study the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation, recurrence and prognosis after hepatectomy.

Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of survivin and Ki-67 was performed by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase technique on paraffin sections of 55 cases of HCC.

Results: The positive rate of survivin in HCC was 52.