Genome-wide expression analysis of vegetative organs during developmental and herbicide-induced whole plant senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: Whole plant senescence represents the final stage in the life cycle of annual plants, characterized by the decomposition of aging organs and transfer of nutrients to seeds, thereby ensuring the survival of next generation. However, the transcriptomic profile of vegetative organs during this death process remains to be fully elucidated, especially regarding the distinctions between natural programmed death and artificial sudden death induced by herbicide.

Results: Differential genes expression analysis using RNA-seq in leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that natural senescence commenced in leaves at 45-52 days after planting, followed by roots initiated at 52-60 days.

Inferior social hierarchy is vulnerable to anxiety-like behavior in chronic pain mice: Potential role of gut microbiota and metabolites.

Social dominance is a universal phenomenon among grouped animals that profoundly affects survival, health, and reproductive success by determining access to resources, and exerting a powerful influence on subsequent behavior. However, the understanding of pain and anxiety comorbidities in dominant or subordinate animals suffering from chronic pain is not well-defined. Here, we provide evidence that subordinate mice are more susceptible to pain-induced anxiety compared to dominant mice.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a general term for cognitive impairment that negatively affects multiple domains, including memory, concentration, and physical functioning. Numerous articles have been published on PND; however, only a few quantitative analyses covering this disorder have been published.

Methods And Materials: To clarify PND's developmental history, research foci, and future directions, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using the bibliometric tools VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein-dependent myelin repair confers the long-lasting antidepressant effect of ketamine.

Ketamine exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. As decreased myelination has been linked to depression pathology, changes in myelination may be a pivotal mechanism underlying ketamine's long-lasting antidepressant effects. Although ketamine has a long-lasting facilitating effect on myelination, the precise roles of myelination in ketamine's sustained antidepressant effects remain unknown.

The role of CD38 in inflammation-induced depression-like behavior and the antidepressant effect of (R)-ketamine.

CD38 is involved in immune responses, cell proliferation, and has been identified in the brain, where it is implicated in inflammation processes and psychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that dysfunctional CD38 activity in the brain may contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we used a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-like model and conducted behavioral tests, molecular and morphological methods, along with optogenetic techniques.

Deciphering microbial community dynamics along the fermentation course of soy sauce under different temperatures using metagenomic analysis.

Fermented soy sauce consists of microorganisms that exert beneficial effects. However, the microbial community dynamics during the fermentation course is poorly characterized. Soy sauce production is classified into the stages of mash fermentation with koji (S0), brine addition (S1), microbial transformation (S2), flavor creation (S3), and fermentation completion (S4).

The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU improves comorbidity of chronic pain and depression via the AHR and TSPO signaling.

Background: Patients suffering from chronic pain often also exhibit depression symptoms. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors can decrease blood levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, whether inhibiting sEH signaling is beneficial for the comorbidity of pain and depression is unknown.

Lateral septum-lateral hypothalamus circuit dysfunction in comorbid pain and anxiety.

Pain and anxiety comorbidities are a common health problem, but the neural mechanisms underlying comorbidity remain unclear. We propose that comorbidity implies that similar brain regions and neural circuits, with the lateral septum (LS) as a major candidate, process pain and anxiety. From results of behavioral and neurophysiological experiments combined with selective LS manipulation in mice, we find that LS GABAergic neurons were critical for both pain and anxiety.

Desulfovibrio confers resilience to the comorbidity of pain and anxiety in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain.

Background: Patients with chronic pain frequently suffer from anxiety symptoms. It has been well established that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of pain and anxiety. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiota, particularly the specific bacteria, play a role in the comorbidity of chronic pain and anxiety.

Depression and antidepressant effects of ketamine and its metabolites: The pivotal role of gut microbiota.

The discovery of the robust antidepressant actions of ketamine is regarded as one of the greatest advancements in depression treatment in the past 60 years. Recent findings have provided strong evidence for the presence of bidirectional communication networks between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in depression. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the antidepressant role of ketamine in regulating the gut microbiome and microbiota-derived molecules; however, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are still ambiguous.

Complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Liu, Chao, and Chuang, 1977: an endemic species in Taiwan.

Liu, Chao, and Chuang is an endemic and endangered herb in Taiwan. In this study, the complete circular chloroplast genome of was reconstructed and annotated using Illumina sequencing. The genome size of is 155,938 bp, including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs: 26308 bp), separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,784 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,538 bp.

ERK inhibition reduces neuronal death and ameliorates inflammatory responses in forebrain-specific Ppp2cα knockout mice.

It has been shown that PP2A is critical for apoptosis in neural progenitor cells. However, it remains unknown whether PP2A is required for neuronal survival. To address this question, we generated forebrain-specific Ppp2cα knockout (KO) mice.

A bibliometric analysis of research on (R)-ketamine from 2002 to 2021.

Anesthetic ketamine is a racemic mixture containing equal amount of (R)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine. Increasing preclinical data show that (R)-ketamine has a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without significant side effects. There are currently many studies on (R)-ketamine, however, the quantity and quality of these studies are unknown.

Deleterious effects of nervous system in the offspring following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is universally susceptible to all types of populations. In addition to the elderly and children becoming the groups of great concern, pregnant women carrying new lives need to be even more alert to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies have shown that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to brain damage and post-birth psychiatric disorders in offspring.

PP2A-associated tau hyperphosphorylation was involved in sevoflurane induced neonatal neurotoxicity.

Background: The effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on childhood neurodevelopment and adult brain function have attracted increasing scientific attentions. However, the exact mechanisms underlying hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in sevoflurane induced abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) development, particularly in the hippocampus, have not been fully determined.

Methods: We utilized molecular biological and behavioral approaches to compare the changes in cognitive function in mice exposed to repeated sevoflurane during the neonatal stage, and to assess whether PP2A-associated tau hyperphosphorylation is involved in sevoflurane induced neonatal neurotoxicity.

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of HSK3486, a Novel 2,6-Disubstituted Phenol Derivative as a General Anesthetic.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the novel sedative/hypnotic agent HSK3486, a 2,6-disubstituted alkylphenol analogue. The mechanism of action of HSK3486 was studied in competitive binding assays and whole-cell patch clamp assays. HSK3486 was administered by bolus intravenous injection to dogs and rats, and the loss of righting reflex as well as effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were assessed.

Sulforaphane improves cognitive dysfunction after surgery and anesthesia in mice: The role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling.

Anesthesia and surgery are likely causing cognitive dysfunction in patients, especially the elderly. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms largely remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggest that signaling between Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of brain dysfunction, while sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound acting as an Nrf2 agonist, can improve brain function.

Microbial Communities Along 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Concentration Gradient in Soils Polluted with Agent Orange Based on Metagenomic Analyses.

The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), a contaminant in Agent Orange released during the US-Vietnam War, led to a severe environmental crisis. Approximately, 50 years have passed since the end of this war, and vegetation has gradually recovered from the pollution. Soil bacterial communities were investigated by 16S metagenomics in habitats with different vegetation physiognomies in Central Vietnam, namely, forests (S0), barren land (S1), grassland (S2), and developing woods (S3).

Manual Removal versus Spontaneous Delivery of the Placenta at Cesarean Section: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of the manual placental removal on hemorrhage or other hemorrhage-related complications compared with the spontaneous placental removal during cesarean section (CS), while the results remained controversial and were inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the pooled effects of the methods of placental removal on hemorrhage during CS.

Patients And Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Muscle-brain communication in pain: The key role of myokines.

Pain is the most common reason for a physician visit, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets involved in pain. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well known phenomenon observed worldwide.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of Acanthamoeba castellanii participates in resistance to polyhexamethylene biguanide treatment.

Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living parasites that can cause severe infections such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and amoebic keratitis (AK). Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a topical application for AK treatment.

miR-98-5p plays a critical role in depression and antidepressant effect of ketamine.

Ketamine has been demonstrated to be a rapid-onset and long-lasting antidepressant, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have emerged microRNAs as important modulators for depression treatment. In this study, we report that miR-98-5p is downregulated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice subjected to chronic social stress, while overexpressing it by its agonist alleviates depression-like behaviors.

Gut microbiota is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of (S)-norketamine in an inflammation model of depression.

The non-competitive glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, (R, S)-ketamine (ketamine), is known to exert rapid and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects. However, the widely use of ketamine is restricted owing to severe psychotomimetic side-effects and abuse liability. Very recently, we demonstrated that a major metabolite of ketamine, norketamine, in particular the (S)-enantiomer, had a potent antidepressant-like effect.