TIMP1 protects against blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid haemorrhage by inhibiting ubiquitination of astrocytic β1-integrin.

Background: Astrocytes regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, whereas subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) results in astrocyte dysregulation and BBB disruption. Here, we explored the involvement of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP1) in astrocyte-mediated BBB protection during SAH, along with its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a model of SAH.

CD47 Blockade Accelerates Blood Clearance and Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Aims: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Following SAH, erythrocyte lysis contributes to cell death and brain injuries. Blockage of the anti-phagocytic receptor Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) enhances phagocyte clearance of erythrocytes, though it has not been well-studied post-SAH.

Outcome of salvage intra-arterial chemotherapy for recurrent retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To examine the outcome of salvage intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma after the initial course of IAC and determine the factors influencing clinical outcome.

Methods: A total of 73 eyes of 71 patients with recurrent retinoblastoma undergoing salvage IAC after initial successfully IAC between May 2014 and May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical outcomes. Ocular survival and progression-free survival were used to examine the efficacy of salvage IAC.

Relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and contrast extravasation in revascularization of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: A retrospective single-center study.

Background And Purpose: Contrast extravasation is one of the most common perioperative complications in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or stenting (PTAS). This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the relevant serum biochemical indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the occurrence of contrast extravasation.

Methods: Patients' demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors and laboratory examination data were collected.

Comparision of Mechanical Thrombectomy With Contact Aspiration or Stent Retriever in Patients With Large-vessel Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objectives: Whether the direct aspiration approach of thrombectomy for recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke has a similar efficacy and safety compared to the stent-retriever still remains uncertain.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis was performed to identify patients with large cerebral artery acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy. The study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 in a single stroke center.

Calcium sensing receptor contribute to early brain injury through the CaMKII/NLRP3 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.

The subversive role of Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury has been recently reported. Nevertheless, the role of CaSR in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unexplored. Using the endovascular perforation model in mice, this study was aimed at investigating the role and potential mechanism of CaSR in EBI after SAH.

Multinucleated Giant Cells in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Macrophage phagocytosis plays an important role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study examined the characteristics of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), a group of macrophages with multiple nuclei, in a mouse ICH model. Whether MGCs could be increased by treatment with a CD47 blocking antibody and decreased by treatment with clodronate liposomes were also examined.

Overexpression of immunoproteasome low-molecular-mass polypeptide 7 and inhibiting role of next-generation proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 on cell growth in glioma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the expression level of immunoproteasome and its clinical significance in glioma preliminarily. Furthermore, we studied the function and molecular mechanism of proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 on glioma cell.

Materials And Methods: The expression of immunoproteasome in glioma and tumor-adjacent brain tissues was detected by western blot.

Enhancement of Hematoma Clearance With CD47 Blocking Antibody in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose- Our previous studies found that erythrocyte CD47 has a role in regulating hematoma resolution following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The current study examined whether or not a CD47 blocking antibody enhances hematoma clearance in a mouse ICH. Methods- ICH was induced by intracaudate injection of autologous blood in adult C57BL/6 mice.

Association of Brain CD163 Expression and Brain Injury/Hydrocephalus Development in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Hemoglobin contributes to brain cell damage and death following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor, can mediate the clearance of extracellular hemoglobin it has not been well-studied in SAH. In the current study, a filament perforation SAH model was performed in male rats.

Endovascular thrombectomy can be beneficial to acute ischemic stroke patients with large infarcts.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and large infarct lesions benefit from reperfusion management. To determine the efficacy of different recanalization managements on AIS patients with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) < 6, the authors retrospectively analyzed hospitalized patients with AIS.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients with AIS and ASPECTS < 6 were screened from 13,285 hospitalized patients treated by thrombolysis, thrombectomy, or conventional care in two stroke medical centers.

Neuroprotective Effects of Valproic Acid on Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Apoptosis-Related Early Brain Injury in Rats Subjected to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Are Modulated by Heat Shock Protein 70/Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heat Shock Protein 70/AKT Pathways.

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neural apoptosis are thought to promote early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies have demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA) decreased brain injury in a prechiasmatic injection model of SAH in mice. It should be noted that the beneficial effects of VPA and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Induction of autophagic cell death in the rat brain caused by iron.

Background: The accumulation of iron in the brain is a hallmark of hemorrhagic stroke and several neurodegenerative diseases. Iron overload has been reported to induce brain injury through necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. This study was taken to examine whether iron in the brain contributes to autophagic cell death.

[Acute insular infarct increases risk of electrocardiogram changes and sudden cardiac death].

Objective: To investigate the influence of location and size of acute insular infarct on stroke-related electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and cardiovascular events.

Methods: Ninety-nine cases admitted to hospital from October 2007 to June 2009, who were diagnosed as acute middle cerebral artery territory infarct within 48 h after onset and without the history of cardiac diseases, were included in the study. The patients were further divided into three groups: major insular infarct, minor insular infarct and control group, according to the infarct size on MRI diffusion-weighted image.

Delayed substantia nigra damage and leukoencephalopathy after hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Delayed post-anoxic encephalopathy has rarely been reported, and has most commonly been associated with carbon monoxide poisoning. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. We describe a patient with a delayed neurologic decline after a good initial recovery from a hypoxic-ischemic event precipitated by acute blood loss.