Prognostic impact of coexisting cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: The incidence of malignancy and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing worldwide. However, it is not entirely clear how the coexistence of CVD at the time of cancer diagnosis affects the overall survival of patients with cancer.

Methods And Results: We used the cancer registries and administrative claims data of patients diagnosed with cancer at 36 designated cancer care hospitals in Osaka, Japan, from 2010 to 2015.

Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From an E-Waste Area in China.

Electronic waste that has not been properly treated can lead to environmental contamination including of heavy metals, which can pose risks to human health. Infants, a sensitive group, are highly susceptible to heavy metals exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between prenatal heavy metal exposure and infant birth outcomes in an e-waste recycling area in China.

Prognostic impact of the presence or absence of prior cancer in patients with cancer using cure models: A population-based study.

Developing a subsequent cancer is one of the major concerns for cancer survivors; however, whether prior cancer could affect their prognosis is unknown. We therefore aimed to analyze how prognosis varies depending on prior cancer in patients with newly developed cancer, focusing on cancer that had been "cured." We used the record-linked database of the Osaka Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics to select 186,798 patients with stomach, colorectal, or lung cancer aged ≥40 years from 1995 to 2009 in Osaka, Japan.

Insight into the effect of catalytic reactions on correlations of soot oxidation activity and microspatial structures.

A catalyst is usually coated on Diesel particulate filter (DPF) for assisted regeneration. In this paper, the oxidation activity and pore structure evolutions of soot under the effect of CeO are explored. CeO effectively increases the oxidation activity of soot and reduces the initial activation energy; in the meantime, the addition of CeO changes the soot oxidation mode.

Travel patterns of patients seeking cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Multi-centre cohort study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: In Japan, provision of equal access to cancer care is intended to be achieved via secondary medical areas (SMAs). However, the percentage of patients receiving care within the residential area varies by SMA in Osaka Prefecture. We aimed to assess the effect size of factors associated with patient mobility, and whether patient mobility was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Short-term association of air pollution with lung cancer mortality in Osaka, Japan.

Long-term air pollution exposure has been linked to increased lung cancer mortality. However, little is known about whether day-to-day fluctuations in air pollution levels are in relation to lung cancer mortality, particularly in low-exposure settings. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term associations between air pollution and lung cancer mortality.

Faster surgery initiation in oral cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Osaka, Japan.

Background: We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral cancer (OC), comparing diagnosis and number of pre-operative days in the diagnosis of OC in 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and that in 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic).

Methods: Using data from a cancer registry-based study on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care in Osaka (CanReCO), we collected details of sex, age, residential area, cancer site, date of diagnosis, clinical stage at first treatment and number of pre-operative days in OC patients.

Results: A total of 1470 OC cases were registered.

Impact of coexisting diabetes on survival and risk of developing second primary cancer in diabetes patients receiving drug therapy: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer in Japan.

Aims/introduction: We investigated the association between coexisting diabetes at the time of cancer diagnosis, and the overall survival and incidence of second primary cancer in patients with cancer and receiving drug therapy for diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We used cancer registry and administrative data of patients diagnosed with cancer at designated cancer care hospitals in Osaka Prefecture between 2010 and 2015. The presence of diabetes was identified from the prescription records of antidiabetic drugs in Diagnosis Procedure Combination System data.

Socioeconomic disparities in cancer survival: Relation to stage at diagnosis, treatment, and centralization of patients to accredited hospitals, 2005-2014, Japan.

Background: Cancer survival varies by socioeconomic status in Japan. We examined the extent to which survival disparities are explained by factors relevant to cancer control measures (promoting early-stage detection, standardizing treatment, and centralizing patients to government-accredited cancer hospitals [ACHs]).

Methods: From the Osaka Cancer Registry, patients diagnosed with solid malignant tumors during 2005-2014 and aged 15-84 years (N = 376,077) were classified into quartiles using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI).

Insight into the penalty of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption by DPF regeneration of a diesel passenger car.

In order to keep high fuel economy of diesel passenger cars, Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is periodically regenerated. In the regeneration process, extra fuel is injected into combustion chambers to achieve high exhaust temperature for the purpose of oxidizing particles accumulating on DPF substrate. It generates significant impacts on passenger car performance and exhaust emissions.

Diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancers during COVID-19 in Japan: A Cancer Registry-based Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care in Osaka (CanReCO).

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected cancer care in Japan, but the detailed impact on cancer diagnosis and treatment is not well-understood. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on digestive cancer care in Osaka Prefecture, which has a population of 8.8 million.

Evaluating postnatal exposure to six heavy metals in a Chinese e-waste recycling area.

This study is the first to assess postnatal exposure to heavy metals using breast milk in an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area. From January to April 2021, 102 and 97 breastfeeding women were recruited from an e-waste recycling area and a control area, respectively. Four weeks after delivery, medical staff collected 20 mL of breast milk from each participant.

Challenges of the UK government and industries regarding emission control after ICE vehicle bans.

Over the last few decades, the annual air pollutants from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles have dropped significantly, benefiting from the implementation of strict emission regulations and the development of vehicle technology. Nitrogen oxides (NO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from transport sectors contributed more than 32% and 12% of annual total emissions. Although hazardous exhaust emissions from ICE vehicles will be reduced after the bans on ICE vehicle sales in 2030, sustainable technology development of ICE vehicles is still necessary to meet the future challenges.

Changes of diesel particle diameter and surface area distributions by non-thermal plasma.

A wide literature has demonstrated that internal combustion engines are the main responsible for the emission of fine particles in urban areas. Within this scope, ultrafine particles within diesel exhausted gas have been widely proven to exert a significantly harmful impact on human health and environment. This scenario has led the research community to turn the attention from particle mass to diameter and surface area.

Catalytic effect of diesel PM derived ash on PM oxidation activity.

With diesel particulate filter and gasoline particulate filter periodical regeneration, more and more ash accumulates on the substrate of filter. Ash gathering on the substrate of filter leads to more contact area of particulate matter and ash. Specific ingredients in ash present catalytic effects on particulate matter oxidation.

Cold Spells and Cause-Specific Mortality in 47 Japanese Prefectures: A Systematic Evaluation.

Background: Many studies have investigated the devastating health effects of heat waves, but less is known about health risks related to cold spells, despite evidence that extreme cold may contribute to a larger proportion of deaths.

Objectives: We aimed to systematically investigate the association between cold spells and mortality in Japan.

Methods: Daily data for weather conditions and 12 common causes of death during the 1972-2015 cold seasons (November-March) were obtained from 47 Japanese prefectures.

Optical-numerical method based on a convolutional neural network for full-field subpixel displacement measurements.

The subpixel displacement estimation is an important step to calculation of the displacement between two digital images in optics and image processing. Digital image correlation (DIC) is an effective method for measuring displacement due to its high accuracy. Various DIC algorithms to compare images and to obtain displacement have been implemented.

Correction to "Preliminary Investigations of an Opposed Rotary Piston Compressor for the Air Feeding of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03347.

Preliminary Investigations of an Opposed Rotary Piston Compressor for the Air Feeding of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System.

Automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems are attracting much attention, driven by the requirements of low automotive exhaust emissions and energy consumption. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system provides opportunities for the developments in different types of air compressors. This paper proposed an opposed rotary piston compressor, which had the merits of more compact structures, less movement components, and a high pressure ratio, meeting the requirements of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems.

Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Selenium, and Manganese in Japanese Women: An Adjunct Study to the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Toxic element pollution is a serious global health concern that has been attracting considerable research. In this study, we elucidated the major routes of exposure to three toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, and lead) and two essential elements (manganese and selenium) through diet, soil, house dust, and indoor air and assessed the potential health risks from these elements on women from the coastal area of Miyagi prefecture, Japan. Twenty-four-hour duplicate diet, house dust, soil, and indoor air samples were collected from 37 participants.

Using Methacryl-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane as the Thermal Stabilizer and Plasticizer in Poly(vinyl chloride) Nanocomposites.

In this study, we investigated the influence of methacryl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) nanoparticles as a plasticizer and thermal stabilizer for a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer and for a poly(vinyl chloride)/dissononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (PVC/DINCH) binary blend system. The PVC and the PVC/DINCH blend both became flexible, with decreases in their glass transition temperatures and increases in their thermal decomposition temperatures, upon an increase in MA-POSS content, the result of hydrogen bonding between the C=O groups of MA-POSS and the H-CCl units of the PVC, as determined using infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the first thermal decomposition temperature of the pure PVC, due to the emission of HCl, increased from 290 to 306 °C, that is, the MA-POSS nanoparticles had a retarding effect on the decomposition of the PVC matrix.

Fine particulate matter is a potential determinant of Alzheimer's disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Air pollution is a modifiable and preventable factor, and it is a possible risk factor for dementia. However, evidence from epidemiological studies is still limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the epidemiological evidence for long-term effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.