Sleep duration and body mass index and waist circumference among U.S. adults.

Objective: To examine the form of the relationship between sleep duration and anthropometric measures and possible differences in these relationships by gender and race or ethnicity.

Design And Methods: Data for 13,742 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 were used. Sleep duration was categorized as ≤6 (short sleepers), 7-9, and ≥10 hours (long sleepers).

Trends in modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors following diagnosis in breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that high-risk lifestyle behaviors exacerbate the health of cancer survivors and increase cancer mortality. This study examined the prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors among female breast cancer survivors by duration of survivorship in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from 7,443 women aged ≥18 years who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and reported having ever-diagnosed breast cancer.

The artemisinin derivative artesunate inhibits corneal neovascularization by inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.

Purpose: Without therapeutic intervention, corneal neovascularization rapidly compromises visual acuity, and is a leading cause of blindness. Artesunate was reported to inhibit angiogenesis in tumors, although, the effects of artesunate on nontumor angiogenesis have not been investigated. This study was designed to investigate the effect of artesunate on corneal neovascularization and delineate its underlying mechanism of action.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 up-regulates expression of hsa-let-7a-2 through the interaction of VDR/VDRE in human lung cancer A549 cells.

Aims: We aim to investigate the relationship between 1,25-(OH)2VD3 and hsa-let-7a in lung cancer A549 cells.

Methods: Real-time PCR and luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the influence of 1,25-(OH)2VD3 on the expression of hsa-let-7a-2 after A549 cells were treated with 1,25-(OH)2VD3 (10(-8)~10(-6)mol/L). Analysis of the 5.

Temporal changes in concentrations of lipids and apolipoprotein B among adults with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normoglycemia: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1991 to 2005-2008.

Background: Diabetes is characterized by profound lipid abnormalities. The objective of this study was to examine changes in concentrations of lipids and apolipoprotein B among participants stratified by glycemic status (diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normoglycemia) in the United States from 1988-1991 to 2005-2008.

Methods: We used data from 3202 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1991) and 3949 participants aged ≥20 years from NHANES 2005-2008.

Acidic/neutral amino acid residues substitution in NH2 terminal of plasminogen kringle 5 exerts enhanced effects on corneal neovascularization.

Purpose: Recent results showed that plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) has improved inhibitory effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability when 5 acidic amino acids in NH2 terminal outside kringle domain were replaced by 5 serine residues (mutant K5, mK5). This study was designed to identify the enhanced antiangiogenic activity of mK5 in corneal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: Alkali burn-induced CNV was induced and treated with K5 and mK5 for 11 days.

ES micro-environment enhances stemness and inhibits apoptosis in human limbal stem cells via the maintenance of telomerase activity.

Our previous work had found that telomerase rejuvenated in the cytoplasm of corneal epithelial cells cultured in embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium, the functional properties of stem-like corneal epithelial cells can be enhanced by co-culturing with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via activation of the integrinβ1-FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The goal of this study was to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the ES micro-environment that enhance the stem cell-like phenotype and inhibit apoptosis in human limbal stem cells (LSC). The LSC were cultured in different media, either CnT-20 medium or CnT-20 +20% ES culture supernatant (ESC-CM).

Prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes: findings from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes.

Comparative study of the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on corneal epithelial wound healing and neovascularization in vivo and in vitro.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on corneal wound healing and neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: The positive effects of 10 ng/ml rhEGF and bFGF on the proliferation of corneal epithelial cells (SD-HCEC1s), rabbit keratocyte cells (RKCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as the effects on the migration capacity on HUVECs were observed. An animal central corneal wound and CNV model was established in rabbits.

Elevated cardiovascular risk among adults with obstructive and restrictive airway functioning in the United States: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2010.

Background: Reasons for the excess risk for cardiovascular disease among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain unclear. Our objective was to examine the cardiovascular risk profile for adults with obstructive and restrictive impairments of lung functioning in a representative sample of adults from the United States.

Methods: We used data from adults aged 20-79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2010 and had a pulmonary function test.

Physical activity, psychological distress, and receipt of mental healthcare services among cancer survivors.

Purpose: Physical activity confers multiple health benefits in the general population. This study examined the associations of physical activity with serious psychological distress (SPD) and receipt of mental healthcare services among U.S.

[EUV flat field grating spectrometer and performance measurement].

A high-resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer has been developed to diagnose the magnetically confined plasmas. A holographic spherical varied line spacing concave grating which provides a flat focal plane is used as the diffraction element working with the grazing incidence angle of 3 degrees. The nominal groove density is 1200 lines x mm(-1).

Has the use of complementary and alternative medicine therapies by U.S. adults with chronic disease-related functional limitations changed from 2002 to 2007?

Objectives: This study examined changes in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies by U.S. adults aged 18 years or older with chronic disease-related functional limitations between 2002 and 2007.

Soluble thrombomodulin levels in plasma of multiple sclerosis patients and their implication.

Thrombomodulin (TM) on the cell-surface of cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) is released into blood upon CEC damage. TM promotes activation of protein C (APC), an anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective molecule that protects CECs and impedes inflammatory cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with CEC damage and BBB dysfunction.

Long-term cultivation of human corneal endothelial cells by telomerase expression.

The objective of this study was to explore the potential role of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in extending the proliferative lifespan of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) under long-term cultivation. A primary culture was initiated with a pure population of HCECs in DMEM/F12 media containing 10% fetal bovine serum and other various supplements. TERT gene was successfully transfected into normal HCECs.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality among adults in the United States.

Objective: To examine the links between three fundamental healthy lifestyle behaviors (not smoking, healthy diet, and adequate physical activity) and all-cause mortality in a national sample of adults in the United States.

Method: We used data from 8375 U.S.

Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States.

Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy among US women of childbearing age. Methods.

A comparison of prevalence estimates for selected health indicators and chronic diseases or conditions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the National Health Interview Survey, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008.

Objective: To compare the prevalence estimates of selected health indicators and chronic diseases or conditions among three national health surveys in the United States.

Methods: Data from adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 2007 and 2008 (n=807,524), the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in 2007 and 2008 (n=44,262), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2007 and 2008 (n=5871) were analyzed.

Results: The prevalence estimates of current smoking, obesity, hypertension, and no health insurance were similar across the three surveys, with absolute differences ranging from 0.

Research on the stability of a rabbit dry eye model induced by topical application of the preservative benzalkonium chloride.

Background: Dry eye is a common disease worldwide, and animal models are critical for the study of it. At present, there is no research about the stability of the extant animal models, which may have negative implications for previous dry eye studies. In this study, we observed the stability of a rabbit dry eye model induced by the topical benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and determined the valid time of this model.

Decreased K5 receptor expression in the retina, a potential pathogenic mechanism for diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) is a potent angiogenic inhibitor and specifically binds to the voltage-dependent anion channel believed to function as the K5 receptor (K5R). To investigate the role of K5R in diabetic retinopathy, the present study measured the expression levels of K5R in the retina of diabetic retinopathy models. In cultured retinal Müller cells, K5 inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as shown with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis, suggesting that K5 has a direct effect on Müller cells.

Lack of health risk awareness in low-income Chinese youth migrants: assessment and associated factors.

Objective: To analyze and assess health risk awareness of youth migrants in China and the factors that influence it, and to provide evidence for making health promotion interventions and decreasing health risks among Chinese youth migrants.

Method: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009 among rural-to-urban migrants aged 15-24 years in Tianjin and Xi'an, China. A total of 1,838 youth migrants were enrolled by the stratified cluster sampling method.

Potential moderating role of seat belt law on the relationship between seat belt use and adverse health behavior.

Objective: To determine the potential moderating effect of seat belt law on seat belt compliance among persons who engage in adverse health behaviors.

Methods: Self-reported use of seat belts and adverse health behaviors in a 2008 US state-based population survey.

Results: Seat belt law moderates the use of seat belts among males and females who smoked, males who were physically inactive, and males and females who engaged in multiple risk behaviors.

[Measuring method of spatial and spectral distribution of hollow cathode lamp].

In the present paper, the authors propose a method to measure the spatial and spectral distribution of hollow cathode lamp by imaging spectrometer. A push-broom convex grating imaging spectrometer based on Offner system is presented, with wavelength range 400-1 000 nm, field angle 22 degrees and spectral resolution 2-3 nm. The spatial distribution of Hg hollow cathode lamp was measured for the first time; this gives the spatial intensity distribution for different wavelengths and spectral distribution at different positions, with high spatial and spectral resolution.

Trends of insulin use among US adults with type 2 diabetes: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1995-2007.

Objective: People with type 2 diabetes may need insulin therapy to compensate for their underlying pathogenic abnormalities and to improve glycemic control. We examined trends of insulin use among US adults aged ≥40 years with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected annually during 1995-2007.