Effects of deep brain stimulation on dopamine D2 receptor binding in patients with treatment-refractory depression.

Background: Depression is a chronic psychiatric disorder related to diminished dopaminergic neurotransmission. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with treatment-refractory depression (TRD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DBS on dopamine D2 receptor binding in patients with TRD.

Patlak-Ki derived from ultra-high sensitivity dynamic total body [F]FDG PET/CT correlates with the response to induction immuno-chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of metabolic features in response to induction immuno-chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell cancer (LA-NSCLC), using ultra-high sensitivity dynamic total body [F]FDG PET/CT.

Methods: The study analyzed LA-NSCLC patients who received two cycles of induction immuno-chemotherapy and underwent a 60-min dynamic total body [F]FDG PET/CT scan before treatment. The primary tumors (PTs) were manually delineated, and their metabolic features, including the Patlak-Ki, Patlak-Intercept, maximum SUV (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were evaluated.

First Total-Body Kinetic Modeling and Parametric Imaging of Dynamic Ga-FAPI-04 PET in Pancreatic and Gastric Cancer.

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic target in malignant tumors. However, the knowledge of kinetic modeling and parametric imaging of Ga-FAPI is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer and to conduct parametric imaging of dynamic total-body data compared with SUV imaging.

Assessing dynamic metabolic heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer patients via ultra-high sensitivity total-body [F]FDG PET/CT imaging: quantitative analysis of [F]FDG uptake in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively assess [F]FDG uptake in primary tumor (PT) and metastatic lymph node (mLN) in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the total-body [F]FDG PET/CT and to characterize the dynamic metabolic heterogeneity of NSCLC.

Methods: The 60-min dynamic total-body [F]FDG PET/CT was performed before treatment. The PTs and mLNs were manually delineated.

Dynamic topology analysis for spatial patterns of multifocal lesions on MRI.

Quantitatively analysing the spatial patterns of multifocal lesions on clinical MRI is an important step towards a better understanding of the disease and for precision medicine, which is yet to be properly explored by feature engineering and deep learning methods. Network science addresses this issue by explicitly modeling the inter-lesion topology. However, the construction of the informative graph with optimal edge sparsity and quantification of community graph structures are the current challenges in network science.

Association between long-term donepezil treatment and brain regional amyloid and tau burden among individuals with mild cognitive impairment assessed using F-AV-45 and F-AV-1451 PET.

This study aims to investigate the association between long-term donepezil treatment and brain neuropathological burden and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Preprocessed F-AV-45 amyloid and F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET) images, magnetic resonance imaging images (MRIs), demographic information, and donepezil use status were downloaded from 255 MCI participants enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Partial volume correction was applied to all PET images.

Machine Learning-Based Noninvasive Quantification of Single-Imaging Session Dual-Tracer F-FDG and Ga-DOTATATE Dynamic PET-CT in Oncology.

Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT is routinely used for imaging neuroendocrine tumor (NET) somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) density in patients, and is complementary to FDG PET-CT for improving the accuracy of NET detection, characterization, grading, staging, and predicting/monitoring NET responses to treatment. Performing sequential F-FDG and Ga-DOTATATE PET scans would require 2 or more days and can delay patient care. To align temporal and spatial measurements of F-FDG and Ga-DOTATATE PET, and to reduce scan time and CT radiation exposure to patients, we propose a single-imaging session dual-tracer dynamic PET acquisition protocol in the study.

Sex modifies APOE ε4 dose effect on brain tau deposition in cognitively impaired individuals.

Recent studies in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals suggest that the APOE ε4 allele exerts a dosage-dependent effect on brain tau deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in APOE ε4 gene dosage effects on brain tau deposition in cognitively impaired individuals using quantitative 18F-flortaucipir PET. Preprocessed 18F-flortaucipir tau PET images, T1-weighted structural MRI, demographic information, global cortical amyloid-β burden measured by 18F-florbetapir PET, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau measurements were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.

Association of sex and APOE ε4 with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

The objective of this study was to assess the association of sex and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using quantitative F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preprocessed F-AV-1451 tau PET, raw T1-weighted structural MR images, demographic information, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) measurements from 57 elderly individuals with AD were downloaded from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. An iteratively reblurred Van Cittert partial volume correction (PVC) method was applied to all preprocessed PET images.

Multiparametric imaging hippocampal neurodegeneration and functional connectivity with simultaneous PET/MRI in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the hippocampal neurodegeneration and its associated aberrant functions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using simultaneous PET/MRI.

Methods: Forty-two cognitively normal controls (NC), 38 MCI, and 22 AD patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent F-FDG PET/functional MRI (fMRI) and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans on a hybrid GE Signa PET/MRI scanner.

F-FDG PET/CT radiomic predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is commonly accepted as the gold standard to assess outcome after NAC in breast cancer patients. F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has unique value in tumor staging, predicting prognosis, and evaluating treatment response. Our aim was to determine if we could identify radiomic predictors from PET/CT in breast cancer patient therapeutic efficacy prior to NAC.

F-FDG PET/CT Radiomic Analysis with Machine Learning for Identifying Bone Marrow Involvement in the Patients with Suspected Relapsed Acute Leukemia.

F-FDG PET / CT is used clinically for the detection of extramedullary lesions in patients with relapsed acute leukemia (AL). However, the visual analysis of F-FDG diffuse bone marrow uptake in detecting bone marrow involvement (BMI) in routine clinical practice is still challenging. This study aims to improve the diagnostic performance of F-FDG PET/CT in detecting BMI for patients with suspected relapsed AL.

Topology-guided deformable registration with local importance preservation for biomedical images.

The demons registration (DR) model is well recognized for its deformation capability. However, it might lead to misregistration due to erroneous diffusion direction when there are no overlaps between corresponding regions. We propose a novel registration energy function, introducing topology energy, and incorporating a local energy function into the DR in a progressive registration scheme, to address these shortcomings.

Topology guided demons registration with local rigidity preservation.

Demons has been well recognized for its deformable registration capability. However, it might lead to misregistration due to the large spatial distance between the expected corresponding contents or erroneous diffusion tendency. In this paper, we propose a new energy function with topology energy, distance function and demons energy for deformable registration.

A statistical method for lung tumor segmentation uncertainty in PET images based on user inference.

PET has been widely accepted as an effective imaging modality for lung tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, standard criteria for delineating tumor boundary from PET are yet to develop largely due to relatively low quality of PET images, uncertain tumor boundary definition, and variety of tumor characteristics. In this paper, we propose a statistical solution to segmentation uncertainty on the basis of user inference.

Automated CT liver segmentation using improved Chan-Vese model with global shape constrained energy.

In this paper, we propose an automated liver segmentation method to overcome the challenging issues of high degree of variations in liver shape / size and similar density distribution shared by the liver and its surrounding structures. To improve the performance of conventional statistical shape model for liver segmentation, in our method, the signed distance function is utilized so that the landmarks correspondence is not required when performing the principle component analysis. We improve the Chan-Vese model to bind the shape energy and local intensity feature to evolve the surface both globally and locally toward the closest shape driven by the PCA.