and its ginsenosides: potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects.

Chemotherapy-induced side effects affect the quality of life and efficacy of treatment of cancer patients. Current approaches for treating the side effects of chemotherapy are poorly effective and may cause numerous harmful side effects. Therefore, developing new and effective drugs derived from natural non-toxic compounds for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects is necessary.

Asymmetric Construction of 4 H-Pyrano[3,2- b]indoles via Cinchonine-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of 2-Ylideneoxindole with Malononitrile.

A highly enantioselective [4 + 2] annulation of 2-ylideneoxindole with malononitrile has been accomplished by cinchonine catalysis under mild conditions. The corresponding enantiomerically enriched 4 H-pyrano[3,2- b]indoles were generated in moderate to high yields (up to 94%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). To explain the stereoselectivity of the organocatalytic Michael-ammonization cascade, we also carried out the control experiments and proposed plausible transition-state models for the catalytic cycle based on the observed stereochemistry of the products.

[Analysis on DNA methylation of mosaic and moxa type leaves of Aconitum carmichaeli by MSAP].

An MSAP analysis method was established for detecting DNA methylation of Aconitum carmichaeli leaves, and the DNA methylation of different leaf shapes and different leaf position was analyzed by MSAP. The study made experiments on the leaves of different position of mosaic and moxa leaf type A. carmichaeli, researched the effects of restriction digestion of genomic DNA by using two restriction enzymes, screened the suitable selective amplification primers, and analyzed the methylation differences of leaves by calculating the 6% acrylamide gel electrophoresis bands and lane.

[Establishing a method to detect the DNA damage of N-ras gene].

Objective: Applying RDPCR to detect the DNA damage of N-ras gene in human.

Methods: Single-primer PCR was used to prepare single strand (ss) probes of extron 1 of N-ras gene in human. The genomic DNA was digested completely by restriction endonuclease, then amplified by RDPCR and detected by Southern hybridization with the probe.

[Detecting the DNA damage of N-ras gene induced by potassium dichromate].

Objective: Applying RDPCR to detect the DNA damage of N-ras gene induced by Potassium dichromate

Methods: Preparing single-stranded probes of exon 1 of N-ras gene in human. The genomic DNA was treated with Potassium dichromate, then amplified by RDPCR and detected by Southern hybridization with the probe.

Results: The clear hybridized bands can be seen in the position which is induced by Potassium dichromate on the dose of 100 micromol/L, but can't be detected on the dose over 1000 mol/L.

[Application with single-stranded probes in randomized terminal linker-dependent PCR].

Objective: Preparing single-stranded (ss) probes in place of double-stranded (ds) probes to improve the hybridization efficiency and specificity of randomized terminal linker-dependent PCR (RDPCR).

Methods: Using asymmetric PCR and single-primer PCR to prepare ss probes of extron 7 of p53 gene in rat, then comparing the results hybridized with ss probes and ds probes.

Results: Preparation of ss probes by asymmetric PCR and single-primer PCR gets success.