Examining the normality assumption of a design-comparable effect size in single-case designs.

What Works Clearinghouse (WWC, 2022) recommends a design-comparable effect size (D-CES; i.e., g) to gauge an intervention in single-case experimental design (SCED) studies, or to synthesize findings in meta-analysis.

Dealing with missing data by EM in single-case studies.

Single-case experimental design (SCED) research plays an important role in establishing and confirming evidence-based practices. Due to multiple measures of a target behavior in such studies, missing information is common in their data. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm has been successfully applied to deal with missing data in between-subjects designs, but only in a handful of SCED studies.

Social-ecological factors of leisure-time physical activity in Black adults.

Objectives: To develop and test an explicative model of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), including 6 selected contributory factors: self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, perceived physical environment, outcome-expectancy value, and policy beliefs.

Methods: A social-ecological model of LTPA using the structural equation modeling technique was estimated in a regional, church-going sample of 649 African Americans.

Results: The results indicated this model is good fit to the data.

Leisure-time physical activity and obesity in black adults in Indianapolis.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the total volume of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and obesity among African American adults in Indianapolis.

Methods: Logistic regression analysis with 649 African American adults.

Results: The data show an inverse graded relationship between the total volume of LTPA and obesity for African American women, but not for men.

Understanding nonsmoking in African American and Caucasian college students: an application of the theory of planned behavior.

Few studies have considered whether psychological determinants of nonsmoking among college students vary by ethnicity. The authors tested the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain differences in nonsmoking intentions of 238 African American and 197 Caucasian college students who completed an in-class TPB questionnaire and a smoking assessment 1 week later. After removing 35 students who reported smoking at the baseline assessment, regressions were used to examine ethnic effects on TPB constructs when predicting nonsmoking intentions.

Assessment of motoneuron excitability using recurrent inhibition and paired reflex depression protocols: a test of reliability.

Motor output may be regulated by both pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of two measurement protocols, which purport to examine spinal mechanisms responsible for gating motoneuron excitability. Nine subjects (aged 29 +/- 5 years) were tested using two soleus H-reflex protocols; 1) recurrent inhibition (RI) and 2) paired reflex depression (PRD).