Citrullination of NF-κB p65 by PAD2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Modulating Macrophage Polarization in Acute Lung Injury.

Mediating protein citrullination, peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) has recently been reported to influence macrophage phenotypes. However, the mechanisms of PAD2 on macrophage function in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-induced acute lung injury syndrome (ALI) remains unclear. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, a new citrullination site at arginine 171 (R171) is discovered within nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) p65 catalyzed by PAD2, which modulates PAD2-NF-κB p65-importin α3 pathway and its downstream M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

Identification of key genes for cuproptosis in carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, while carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is more likely to cause ischemic cerebrovascular events. Emerging evidence suggests that cuproptosis may be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms linking cuproptosis and CAS.

AS160 is a lipid-responsive regulator of cardiac Ca homeostasis by controlling lysophosphatidylinositol metabolism and signaling.

The obese heart undergoes metabolic remodeling and exhibits impaired calcium (Ca) homeostasis, which are two critical assaults leading to cardiac dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations in obese heart are not well understood. Here, we show that the Rab-GTPase activating protein AS160 is a lipid-responsive regulator of Ca homeostasis through governing lysophosphatidylinositol metabolism and signaling.

AFM41a: A Novel PAD2 Inhibitor for Sepsis Treatment-Efficacy and Mechanism.

(PA) infection can cause pneumonia and sepsis by activating peptidyl-arginine deiminase (PAD) and triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our previous research has elucidated the crucial role of PAD2 in regulating CitH3 production and NETosis signaling following bacterial infection. Therefore, targeting PAD2 with selective inhibitors holds promise for treating PA-induced sepsis.

Loss of PADI2 and PADI4 ameliorates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NLRP3+ macrophages.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is prevalent in patients with sepsis and has a high mortality rate. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) and PADI4 play crucial roles in mediating the host's immune response in sepsis, but their specific functions remain unclear. Our study shows that Padi2-/- Padi4-/- double KO (DKO) improved survival, reduced lung injury, and decreased bacterial load in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia-induced sepsis mice.

Corrigendum to "The distinction of area postrema syndrome between MOGAD and NMOSD" [Heliyon 10(10) (May 2024) e30633].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Sex ratio and age of onset in AQP4 antibody-associated NMOSD: a review and meta-analysis.

Background: Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. We have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the sex ratio and mean age of onset for AQP4 antibody associated NMOSD. We have also explored factors that impact on these demographic data.

Targeting gut and intratumoral microbiota: a novel strategy to improve therapy resistance in cancer with a focus on urologic tumors.

Introduction: Growing attention has been drawn to urologic tumors due to their rising incidence and suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. Cancer therapy resistance poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology, limiting the efficacy of conventional treatments and contributing to disease progression. Recent research has unveiled a complex interplay between the host microbiota and cancer cells, highlighting the role of the microbiota in modulating therapeutic responses.

The regulation and potential role of interleukin-32 in tuberculous pleural effusion.

The possible protective effect of interleukin-32 (IL-32) in () infection has been indicated. However, few studies have been focused on IL-32 in tuberculosis patients. Additionally, the regulation of IL-32 production has rarely been reported.

The distinction of area postrema syndrome between MOGAD and NMOSD.

Background And Objectives: Both myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disorders (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. They present similar clinical manifestations such as optica neuritis, myelitis and area postrema syndrome (APS). The distinctions of optica neuritis (ON) and myelitis between them have been elaborated to great length while their differences in APS remain to be elucidated.

Tumor or Demyelination? Three Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Case Reports and Literature Review.

Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS).

Methods: Clinical data, laboratory and imaging examinations, and treatment of 3 patients with TMS were retrospectively analyzed. Data were further analyzed in relation to the literature.

Treatment algorithms of relapsing multiple sclerosis: an exploration based on the available disease-modifying therapies in China.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) was defined as a rare disease in China due to its low prevalence. For a long time, interferon β was the only approved disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Since the first oral DMT was approved in 2018, DMT approval accelerated, and seven DMTs were approved within 5 years.

Real-world experience of teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: paramagnetic rim lesions may play a role.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to report the effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to explore the association of paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL) burden with patient outcome in the context of teriflunomide treatment and the impact of teriflunomide on PRL burden.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study. A total of 100 RRMS patients treated with teriflunomide ≥3 months were included in analyzing drug persistence and safety.

Treatment access and satisfaction on disease-modifying therapies of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients in China: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare and debilitating disease that has become more widely recognized in China. Legislative measures have been implemented by the government to improve treatment access for rare diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic journey, treatment status, treatment accessibility, and treatment satisfaction of the NMOSD patients on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in China.

Identification of key genes for atherosclerosis in different arterial beds.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathologic basis of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, with a high degree of heterogeneity among different arterial beds. However, mechanistic differences between arterial beds remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to explore key genes and potential mechanistic differences between AS in different arterial beds through bioinformatics analysis.

Safety of teriflunomide in Chinese adult patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A phase IV, 24-week multicenter study.

Background: Disease-modifying therapies have been approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). The present study aims to examine the safety of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with RMS.

Methods: This non-randomized, multi-center, 24-week, prospective study enrolled RMS patients with variant (c.

Joint radiomics and spatial distribution model for MRI-based discrimination of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder.

Objective: To develop a discrimination pipeline concerning both radiomics and spatial distribution features of brain lesions for discrimination of multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder (MOGAD).

Methods: Hyperintensity T2 lesions were delineated in 212 brain MRI scans of MS (n = 63), NMOSD (n = 87), and MOGAD (n = 45) patients. To avoid the effect of fixed training/test dataset sampling when developing machine learning models, patients were allocated into 4 sub-groups for cross-validation.

[KEAP1/PGAM5/AIFM1 mediated oxeiptosis pathway in TDCIPP-induced reduction of TM4 cell viability].

Objective: To investigate the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of tri(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate(TDCIPP) exposure on the mouse testicular supporting cell line(TM4 cells).

Methods: TM4 cells were treated with different concentrations of TDCIPP(0, 12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L), or 50 μmol/L TDCIPP combined with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine(NAC) for 24 h.

Improving the quality of self-management in discharged patients with multiple sclerosis: a best practice implementation project.

Objectives: This project determined current compliance with best practice recommendations for self-management in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and used a web-based intervention to implement strategies to improve the quality of self-management in discharged patients with MS.

Methods: Guided by the JBI Evidence-based Model of Health care, this project applied the 7 phases of the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework to improve the quality of self-management in MS patients.

Results: After implementation, compliance significantly improved across all criteria compared with the baseline audit.

Clinical characteristics of patient with GFAP-IgG: a review of 31 patients from two tertiary referral centers in China.

Objective: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics of 31 patients exhibiting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum positivity for GFAP-IgG, with a specific emphasis on 24 cases demonstrating only GFAP-IgG positivity. The investigation thoroughly evaluates their clinical, radiological, and laboratory features, as well as treatment responses, with the objective of offering clinicians potential diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Methods: A total of 31 patients with GFAP-IgG in the CSF and/or serum were registered between August 2016 and August 2021 at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Huashan Hospital of Fudan University.

[The role of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway in the apoptosis of TM4 cells induced by bisphenol A].

Objective: To investigate the effects of bisphenol A(BPA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse testicular sertoli cells(TM4 cells) and the role of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway.

Methods: TM4 cells were treated with different concentrations of BPA(0, 25, 50, 100 μmol/L) and 100 μmol/L BPA combined with protein kinase R-like ER kinase(PERK) inhibitor GSK2656157 for 24 h, and the apoptosis of TM4 cells was observed by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved Caspase-3, GRP78 and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot.