Achieving synergistic enhancement in the anaerobic digestion of corn straw by (CH + CO) nanobubbles in conjunction with optimized particle sizes.

Nanobubbles (NBs) technology has been proven to promote methane production from anaerobic digestion (AD). In this study, the synergistic effects of (CH + CO)-nanobubble water ((CH + CO)-NBW) combined with varying particle sizes of corn straw on the AD were investigated. As findings, adding (CH + CO)-NBW effectively promoted the methane production from AD of corn straw with different particle sizes.

A novel role for protein disulfide isomerase ERp18 in venous thrombosis.

Background: Previous studies using genetically modified mouse models and inhibitors have shown that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family plays a significant role in arterial thrombosis. However, their role in venous thrombosis remains unknown. In this study, using gene-modified mouse models, we determined whether PDI family members contribute to venous thrombosis.

Study on the effect of surface organic acid treatment on inhibiting nitrogen loss in trough composting.

To reduce the ammonia loss during the trough composting process and the problem of low initial pH of the compost due to one-time addition of organic acids. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of buffering the pH of the compost and controlling the ammonia emission through the addition of dilute acetic acid sprayed on the surface of the compost pile after several pile-turnings in the trough composting process. The results showed that the spraying of acetic acid did not have a significant difference in the effect on the initial pH and maintained a slightly alkaline environment throughout the composting process, which led to an increase in the degradation rate of 58.

Multifactorial influences on childhood insomnia: Genetic, socioeconomic, brain development and psychopathology insights.

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disturbance during childhood and can result in extensively detrimental effects. Children's insomnia involves a complex interplay of biological, neurodevelopmental, social-environmental, and behavioral variables, yet remains insufficiently addressed. This study aimed to investigate the multifactorial etiology of childhood insomnia from its genetic architecture and social-environmental variables to its neural instantiation and the relationship to mental health.

Effects of dark septate endophyte on root growth, physiology and transcriptome of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seedlings under drought stress.

As the only evergreen relict species in the desert environment of western China, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Leguminosae) roots is colonized with dark septate endophytes (DSE), but the potential of DSE to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on seedling roots remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of DSE on root growth, physiology and transcriptome of A. mongolicus under drought stress.

Chromatin loops gather targets of upstream regulators together for efficient gene transcription regulation during vernalization in wheat.

Background: Plants respond to environmental stimuli by altering gene transcription that is highly related with chromatin status, including histone modification, chromatin accessibility, and three-dimensional chromatin interaction. Vernalization is essential for the transition to reproductive growth for winter wheat. How wheat reshapes its chromatin features, especially chromatin interaction during vernalization, remains unknown.

Cartesian coordinates transformation for backscattering computational polarimetry.

Computational Mueller matrix polarimetry holds great promise in biomedical studies and clinical applications, providing comprehensive polarization-related vectorial information within the sample. For backscattering polarization imaging systems aimed at in vivo tissue polarimetry, the measurement results can be affected by the Cartesian coordinates transformation due to the vectorial properties of polarized light and the non-collinear characteristics of the measurement system. It can influence the reliability of polarization information decoding and extraction.

Topological protection of optical skyrmions through complex media.

Optical Skyrmions have many important properties that make them ideal units for high-density data applications, including the ability to carry digital information through a discrete topological number and the independence of spatially varying polarization to other dimensions. More importantly, the topological nature of the optical Skyrmion heuristically suggests a strong degree of robustness to perturbations, which is crucial for reliably carrying information in noisy environments. However, the study of the topological robustness of optical Skyrmions is still in its infancy.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: a multi-center retrospective study.

Background: This study investigated the factors influencing the prognosis of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in patients from the Guangxi region.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and pathological data of 279 patients with SRNS from six tertiary hospitals in Guangxi. Clinical data were compared between initial (I-SRNS) and secondary (S-SRNS) steroid resistance subgroups and Cox regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD stage 5 (CKD5) in patients with SRNS.

Global air quality enhancement pathways to health benefits and environmental justice.

Nowadays, air pollution has emerged as a critical global health and environmental justice issue, with a stark contrast in exposure and management between high-, middle-, and low-income countries. This study synthesizes satellite-derived data with Global Burden of Disease insights, examining the spatiotemporal trends of PM and O exposures and their health impacts from 1998 to 2019. Despite a reversal in the global upward trend of PM exposure post-2011, O levels persist, highlighting a geographical disparity in health benefits due to air quality policies.

Warm growing season activates microbial nutrient cycling to promote fertilizer nitrogen uptake by maize.

The influence of nitrogen (N) inputs on soil microbial communities and N uptake by plants is well-documented. Seasonal variations further impact these microbial communities and their nutrient-cycling functions, particularly within multiple cropping systems. Nevertheless, the combined effects of N fertilization and growing seasons on soil microbial communities and plant N uptake remain ambiguous, thereby constraining our comprehension of the optimal growing season for maximizing crop production.

SUCNR 1 promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated ER-mito crosstalk.

Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease within the large and medium arteries. SUCNR1(Succinate receptor 1) has been reported to regulate the inflammatory response in cardiovascular diseases, but how it works in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we observed that SUCNR1 is upregulated in endothelial cells within human atherosclerotic lesions.

Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice.

During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, neural ensembles in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit responsible for encoding recent memories undergo reactivation to facilitate the process of memory consolidation. This reactivation is widely acknowledged as pivotal for the formation of stable memory and its impairment is closely associated with memory dysfunction. To date, the neural mechanisms driving the reactivation of neural ensembles during NREM sleep remain poorly understood.

Mitigating risks from atrazine drift to soybeans through foliar pre-spraying with a degrading bacterium.

Herbicides play a crucial role in managing weeds in agriculture, ensuring the productivity and quality of crops. However, herbicide drift poses a significant threat to sensitive plants, necessitating the consideration of ecosystem-based solutions to address this issue. In this study, foliar pre-spraying of atrazine-degrading Paenarthrobacter sp.

Correlation between sewage sludge pore structure evolution and water filtration performance: Effect of thermal hydrolysis with or without carbonaceous skeleton-assisted.

Municipal sewage sludge contains a high water content and strong hydrophilicity, making mechanical dewatering a critical step in sludge treatment and disposal. To clarify the collapse of filtration channels within the sludge cake under high pressure and to develop more precise targeted conditioning methods, this study focused on the direct correlation between pore structure evolution and sludge dewatering performance. A self-designed online system was used to compare the dewatering processes of raw sludge, thermal hydrolyzed (TH) sludge, and carbonaceous skeleton-assisted thermal hydrolyzed (CSkel-TH) sludge.

Fisetin reduces ovalbumin-triggered airway remodeling by preventing phenotypic switching of airway smooth muscle cells.

Background: The transformation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) from a quiescent phenotype to a hypersecretory and hypercontractile phenotype is a defining feature of asthmatic airway remodeling. Fisetin, a flavonoid compound, possesses anti-inflammatory characteristics in asthma; yet, its impact on airway remodeling and ASMCs phenotype transition has not been investigated.

Objectives: This research seeked to assess the impact of fisetin on ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthmatic airway remodeling and ASMCs phenotype transition, and clarify the mechanisms through network pharmacology predictions as well as in vivo and in vitro validation.

Self-Assembled Blossom-Shaped NiCoS Nanosheets In Situ Deposited Electrodes: Possessing High Reactivity and Selectivity for Bromine-Based Flow Batteries.

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are emerging rapidly due to their high energy density and wide potential window for renewable energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the sluggish kinetics of the Br/Br reaction on the electrode is considered to be the main challenge contributing to the poor performance of Br-FBs. Herein, we report self-assembled blossom-shaped NiCoS nanosheets, enabling in situ growth on graphite felt (GF) via a one-step hydrothermal method.