Pretargeted Trop-2 immunoPET for rapid, selective detection of pancreatic tumors.

Purpose: Recent clinical advances with the approval of antibody-drug conjugates targeting Trop-2 such as sacituzumab-govitecan and datopotomab-deruxtecan have garnered tremendous interest for their therapeutic efficacy in numerous tumor types including breast and lung cancers. ImmunoPET can stratify tumor avidity, clarifying patient eligibility for ADC therapy as well as a diagnostic companion during therapy. Slow antibody circulation requires days to reach optimal imaging timepoints.

From gut to liver: Exploring the crosstalk between gut-liver axis and oxidative stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now recognized as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), represents a significant and escalating global health challenge. Its prevalence is intricately linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and other components of the metabolic syndrome. As our comprehension of MASLD deepens, it has become evident that this condition extends beyond the liver, embodying a complex, multi-systemic disease with hepatic manifestations that mirror the broader metabolic landscape.

Occult metastases and survival of lung cancer by clinical diagnosis and CT screening: A simulation study.

Objectives: It is significant to know how much early detection and screening could reduce the proportion of occult metastases and benefit NSCLC patients.

Methods: We used previously designed and validated mathematical models to obtain the characteristics of LC in the population including undetectable metastases at the time of diagnosis. The survival was simulated using the survival functions from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data stratified by stage.

Analysis of Online Crowdfunding Among Patients Pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in the United States.

Background: Use of online crowdfunding to mitigate health-related cost burden is common in the US, but its usage among candidates for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is unknown. We aimed to identify GoFundMe campaigns fundraising for MBS and characterize sources of financial strain. We also aimed to determine factors associated with successful crowdfunding.

Tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic clusters of immune cells found in non-lymphoid tissues, particularly within the tumor microenvironment (TME). These structures resemble secondary lymphoid organs and have been identified in various solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where they are associated with favorable prognosis. The role of TLS in modulating the immune response within the TME and their impact on cancer prognosis has garnered increasing attention in recent years.

Ventral hernia repair with permanent mesh for non-Hispanic black versus white patients: access and post-operative outcomes in the era of robotic surgery.

Background: Robotic ventral hernia surgery may provide better patient outcomes. Whether it is provided equitably based on race remains unknown.

Methods: We examined whether patients from the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative who were Black had equitable access to robotic surgery for ventral hernia repair with permanent mesh compared to white counterparts from 2013 to 2023.

A screening study of high-risk groups for liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and at the same time to screen high-risk groups for liver fibrosis in MAFLD, find out the high-risk related indicators. The physical examination population was included as the study subjects and was grouped according to the diagnostic criteria for MAFLD. APRI > 1 or NFS > 0.

Algorithms for Autonomous Formation of Multicellular Shapes from Single Cells.

Multicellular organisms originate from a single cell, ultimately giving rise to mature organisms of heterogeneous cell type composition in complex structures. Recent work in the areas of stem cell biology and tissue engineering has laid major groundwork in the ability to convert certain types of cells into other types, but there has been limited progress in the ability to control the morphology of cellular masses as they grow. Contemporary approaches to this problem have included the use of artificial scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, and complex media formulations; however, there are no existing approaches to controlling this process purely through genetics and from a single-cell starting point.

Effect of multimorbidity on depressive status in older Chinese adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Objective: This study aims to further explore the relevant influencing factors of depression and explore the correlation between multimorbidity coexistence and depression to find the goals and methods of early intervention of depression in the elderly.

Design: This study adopts a cross-sectional approach.

Setting: The study population of this project came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia.

Ammonia (NH) is a versatile and important compound with a wide range of uses, which is currently produced through the demanding Haber-Bosch process. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia (NRA) has recently emerged as a sustainable approach for NHsynthesis under ambient conditions. However, the NRA catalysis is a complex multistep electrochemical process with competitive hydrogen evolution reaction that usually results in poor selectivity and low yield rate for NHsynthesis.

Falling short in bariatric surgery: An exploration of key barriers and motivators of attrition.

Background: In the United States, obesity-related diseases pose significant healthcare challenges, with bariatric surgery offering a potential solution. However, bariatric surgery completion rates, particularly among Black and Hispanic populations, remain low.

Objective: This study applied the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore behavioral factors influencing bariatric surgery program attrition among a majority Black participant population to inform interventions for improving attrition.

Exploration of leech therapy in treating gouty rats and its uric acid lowering mechanism.

Background: Gout is a hyperuricemia (HUA)-related inflammatory reaction in the joints. Leech therapy has been effective in the gout, but the exact mechanism is unclear.

Objectives: In this study, an exploration of the therapeutic mechanism of leech therapy in HUA and gouty arthritis (GA) rats was done.

Weight Nadir and Long-Term Weight Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Diverse Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults.

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently the most common bariatric procedure performed in adolescents and young adults in the United States (USA), but there are limited data available on long-term postoperative weight outcomes in these patients. This single-institution US study follows longitudinal weight data in a diverse group of patients undergoing LSG at age 25 years or younger.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients 25 years or younger who underwent LSG at our institution between 2013 and 2020.

Changes in M6A methylation: A key factor in the vicious cycle of flora -gut aging.

The aging process significantly impacts the gastrointestinal tract and various bodily systems, exacerbating age-related diseases. Research suggests a correlation between an imbalance in intestinal flora and gut aging, yet the precise mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Epigenetic modifications, particularly m6A methylation, play a pivotal role in driving aging and are closely associated with gut aging.

Catalytically distinct IDH1 mutants tune phenotype severity in tumor models.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) impart a neomorphic reaction that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which can inhibit DNA demethylases to drive tumorigenesis. Mutations affect residue R132 and display distinct catalytic profiles for D2HG production. We show that catalytic efficiency of D2HG production is greater in IDH1 R132Q than R132H mutants, and expression of R132Q in cellular and xenograft models leads to higher D2HG concentrations in cells, tumors, and sera compared to R132H.

Collateral Benefit of Systematic Improvement in Bariatric Surgery Outcomes Following a Single Quality Improvement Project for Bleeding.

The study's aim was not only to use quality improvement system techniques to improve patient care specifically for bleeding but also to track other adverse outcomes. Key drivers were identified and mapped to interventions, namely venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, root cause analysis, indications conference, and operative technique standardization. Bleeding was reduced by 88%, and overall postoperative complications also fell by 63%.

Comparison of Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic humoral immunity.

Our understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two-dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT.

Gut microbiota and intestinal immunity-A crosstalk in irritable bowel syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and abnormal defecation habits, resulting in a severe healthcare burden worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS are multi-factorially involved, including food antigens, visceral hypersensitivity reactions, and the brain-gut axis. Numerous studies have found that gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal immunity play an important role in the development of IBS in crosstalk with multiple mechanisms.

Outcomes of SADI and OAGB Compared to RYGB from the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Quality Improvement Program: The North American Experience.

Background: Rapid adoption of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in the last decade aptly reflects the desire of patients and surgeons for alternatives to RYGB and DS. While SG provides good outcomes, other options that address specific patient needs are warranted. Recently approved by ASMBS, SADI, and OAGB have garnered increasing interest due to their single anastomosis technique.

Exploring the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine exercise in alleviating anxiety and depression in older adults: a comprehensive study with randomized controlled trial and network meta-analysis.

Background: Anxiety and depression pose a significant global health challenge for elderly individuals. Research has demonstrated the potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exercise therapies in alleviating these conditions. However, ongoing debate and uncertainty persist regarding the optimal therapy and its impact on anxiety and depression.