A preliminary study of intranasal epinephrine administration as a potential route for anaphylaxis treatment.

Background: The intranasal (IN) administration of epinephrine could be an alternative route for anaphylaxis treatment. Although IN epinephrine absorption has been demonstrated in animals, such data in humans are still lacking.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of IN epinephrine absorption in humans.

Clinical characteristics of children with non-allergic rhinitis vs with allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) are major causes of chronic rhinitis. Knowledge about children with non-allergic rhinitis is limited.

Objective: To study clinical characteristics differentiating NAR and AR among children with chronic rhinitis.