Association between characteristics of swallowing-related muscles and trunk muscle mass.

Swallowing function is associated with systemic factors. Whether trunk or appendicular skeletal muscle mass is a better indicator of swallowing-related muscle characteristics in community-dwelling older adults is not clear. Hence, we investigated the association between the characteristics of swallowing-related muscles (e.

Associations of swallowing-related muscle quantity and quality with sarcopenic parameters.

Purpose: To examine the associations between swallowing-related muscle characteristics and sarcopenic parameters.

Methods: We included 147 community-dwelling older adults (age: 71.6 ± 4.

Higher extracellular water/total body water ratio is associated with lower tongue and grip strength: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tongue factors (tongue strength and tongue volume), systemic factors (grip strength and walking speed), and the extracellular water/total body water ratio.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling adults. Body water composition and skeletal muscle mass index were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

The Cross-Sectional Area of the Middle and Base of the Tongue is Associated with Swallowing-Related Muscle Strength.

Muscle strength and function are generally positively correlated with muscle quantity and negatively correlated with muscle quality; however, the tongue shows a unique tendency, different from limb muscles. The relationship between the characteristics of each part of the tongue, muscle strength and function, and systemic factors has been unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) of the middle and base of the tongue and swallowing, articulation function, and body composition.

Comparison of Tongue Characteristics Classified According to Ultrasonographic Features Using a K-Means Clustering Algorithm.

The precise correlations among tongue function and characteristics remain unknown, and no previous studies have attempted machine learning-based classification of tongue ultrasonography findings. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate relationships among tongue characteristics and function by classifying ultrasound images of the tongue using a K-means clustering algorithm. During 2017-2018, 236 healthy older participants (mean age 70.

Age-related changes in swallowing muscle intramuscular adipose tissue deposition and related factors.

Objectives: To investigate age-related changes in the intramuscular adipose tissue (IAT) of the tongue and geniohyoid muscle (GHM) and associated factors.

Design: Exploratory cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: This study included 89 participants recruited from a health survey, which included 38 younger adults (age range, 20-63 years) and 51 older adults (age range, 65-87 years).

Dysphagia in a persistently vegetative patient improved by orthodontic treatment of severe dental misalignment.

Introduction: We describe the treatment of severe dysphagia in a patient left in a persistent vegetative state after an episode of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following a traffic accident.

Case Report: A 38-year-old man was in a persistent vegetative state since a traffic accident in 2005, which resulted in cardiopulmonary arrest and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. His airway had been secured with a tracheostomy, and a gastric tube had been inserted; however, he continued to suffer from urinary tract infections, glossoptosis, and silent aspiration of saliva.

Ultrasonography Shows Age-related Changes and Related Factors in the Tongue and Suprahyoid Muscles.

Objectives: To investigate age and other factors related to the deterioration of the muscles used for swallowing, including the tongue and suprahyoid muscles.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: This study included 146 participants: 47 younger adults (23 men and 24 women; age range 23-44 years) recruited from a dental hospital and 99 community-dwelling older adults (37 men and 62 women, age range 65-86 years).

Association of aging and tooth loss with masseter muscle characteristics: an ultrasonographic study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aging and tooth loss on masseter muscle quantity and quality.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 participants (in their 20s to 90s) who were independent in activities of daily living and were able to follow verbal commands. Exclusion criteria comprised participants with a lack of molar occlusal support, diseases that could affect muscle function, or temporomandibular disorder.

Relationship between displacement of the masseter muscle during biting and masseter muscle quality and bite force in healthy elderly persons.

Background: Although age-related changes in muscle quality influence muscle strength, the relationship between masseter muscle (MM) quality and maximum biting force (MBF) has never been studied.

Objective: The aims of the study were to verify the relationship among MM quality, MBF, and the displacement of the MM while biting forcefully (MMD) and to clarify the age-related decline in MBF in healthy elderly persons.

Methods: Seventy-four healthy community-dwelling individuals (mean age, >65 years) from Tokyo metropolis were recruited.

Tongue thickness is associated with masticatory performance of perioral muscles: Ultrasonographic study of perioral muscle characteristics in healthy young subjects.

Background: Mastication is a complicated task that involves the teeth and perioral muscles, such as the tongue and lip. Previous studies have shown correlations between masticatory performance and perioral muscle strength (eg tongue pressure) and between masticatory performance and occlusal forces.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between masticatory performance and perioral muscle characteristics.

Calf Circumference Is a Useful Index for Assessing Dysphagia among Community Dwelling Elderly Recipients of Long-Term Care.

Dysphagia is a common problem among older adults, causing aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. It has been reported that calf circumference (CC), an index of nutritional status and physical activity, correlated with dysphagia in acute care hospitals, suggesting that CC can be a useful index for assessing dysphagia. We therefore aimed to explore the association between dysphagia and CC among community elderly people who require long-term care and determined the optimal CC cut-off value for patients with dysphagia.

Tongue-pressure resistance training improves tongue and suprahyoid muscle functions simultaneously.

Purpose: Producing tongue pressure (TP) by pushing the tongue against the palate consists of lifting the tongue muscles and elevating the floor of the mouth via suprahyoid muscle contraction. Though studies have shown that tongue-pressure resistance training (TPRT) increases tongue function, none have focused on suprahyoid muscle function enhancements. Our study aimed to verify whether TPRT improves both tongue function and hyoid movement during swallowing.

Association between echo intensity of the tongue and its thickness and function in elderly subjects.

Background: The tongue plays an important role during the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. Each part of the tongue has a different function during swallowing. Ageing causes changes in muscle quantity and quality.

Relationship between jaw-opening force and neck circumference in healthy older individuals.

Aim: In recent years, the relationships of arm circumference and calf circumference with swallowing function have been reported. However, the efficacy of using the neck circumference, which is closer to the swallowing-related muscles, has never been verified. Jaw-opening force, an indicator of suprahyoid muscle strength, is known to be useful for screening for dysphagia.

Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength.

Background: The tongue is responsible for compressing food against the palate and squeezing it into the pharynx during the oral preparatory phase of swallowing. Tongue pressure (TP), an indicator of tongue muscle strength, has been observed to decline with age; maximum occlusal force (MOF), an indicator of chewing ability, is correlated with TP. However, no study has investigated the relationship between TP and MOF.

Relationship between swallowing muscles and trunk muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Objective: A decrease of swallowing muscle strength causes dysphagia, and a relationship between swallowing muscle strength and appendicular muscle mass has been reported. Moreover, the effect of trunk retention function on swallowing function has been clinically recognized. However, the relationship between trunk muscle mass and swallowing muscle strength is unclear.