Analysis of CD20 and PD-L1 levels on small extracellular vesicles (sEV) produced by DLBCL cells and EBV-transformed B cells, and potential role in T cell inhibition.

Increasing evidence supports a role for small extracellular vesicles (sEV, including exosomes) in Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progression and resistance to treatment. CD20 and PD-L1 are found on DLBCL-derived sEV, but little is known about their patient-level heterogeneity. Moreover, the capacity of PD-L1 sEV to modulate T cells needs to be clarified.

CD20 expression, TrkB activation and functional activity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma-derived small extracellular vesicles.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) including exosomes, carrying the CD20, could be involved in immunotherapy resistance in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We have reported endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B) survival axis in DLBCL. Here, we performed a comparative study of sEV production by germinal centre B cell (GCB) and activated B cell (ABC)-DLBCL cell lines, and analysed TrkB activation on this process.

Short term copper toxicity on Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulgaris using flow cytometry.

Copper sulphate is a common algaecide applied to ponds in order to keep phytoplanktonic blooms under control, especially those prone to cyanobacterial development. The copper toxicity was evaluated for two phytoplanktonic species with the same size and shape: one cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and one chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris. Under controlled conditions in order to keep free copper concentration constant, three bioassays were carried out: growth inhibition tests and two sets of flow cytometric analysis (autofluorescence and esterase activity inhibition).