Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.

Background: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes sudden, irreversible blindness and is a form of acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we sought to determine the proportion of patients in whom atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected by extended cardiac monitoring after CRAO.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study using data from the Optum deidentified electronic health record of 30.

Structural and Functional Imaging of the Retina in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion - Current Approaches and Future Directions.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a form of acute ischemic stroke which affects the retina. Intravenous thrombolysis is emerging as a compelling therapeutic approach. However, it is not known which patients may benefit from this therapy because there are no imaging modalities that adequately distinguish viable retina from irreversibly infarcted retina.

Review of Vitreopapillary Traction Syndrome.

Vitreopapillary traction (VPT) syndrome is a potentially visually significant disorder of the vitreopapillary interface characterised by an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment with the persistently adherent vitreous exerting tractional pull on the optic disc and resulting in morphologic alterations and a consequent decline of visual function. It is most commonly unilateral but bilateral reports have also been described. The cause of the condition may be unknown or idiopathic, although the histology of traction shows proliferation of fibrous astrocytes, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Mitochondrial Impairment in Antibiotic Induced Toxic Optic Neuropathies.

There is growing evidence for the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the toxic optic neuropathies. Due to the structural similarities between antibiotic targets and mitochondrial machinery, several antibiotics known to cause optic neuropathy have deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. We review the literature on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management of antibiotic induced toxic optic neuropathies.

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Opening and Closing Pressures in Pediatric Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic utility of closing pressure and volume of cerebrospinal fluid removed with respect to papilledema resolution and headache improvement in pediatric pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 93 children with definite pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. The primary outcome measure was time to resolution of papilledema, and the secondary outcome measure was time to resolution of headache.

Psychophysical measurement of marmoset acuity and myopia.

The common marmoset has attracted increasing interest as a model for visual neuroscience. A measurement of fundamental importance to ensure the validity of visual studies is spatial acuity. The marmoset has excellent acuity that has been reported at the fovea to be nearly half that of the human (Ordy and Samorajski []: Vision Res 8:1205-1225), a value that is consistent with them having similar photoreceptor densities combined with their smaller eye size (Troilo et al.

Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Age, Gender, and Anthropometric Features at Diagnosis in a Large, Retrospective, Multisite Cohort.

Purpose: To examine anthropometric and maturational characteristics at diagnosis in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Design: Retrospective, international, multisite study.

Participants: Pediatric patients (2-18 years of age at diagnosis) with IIH.

Correction of refractive errors in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) involved in visual research.

Macaques are the most common animal model for studies in vision research, and due to their high value as research subjects, often continue to participate in studies well into old age. As is true in humans, visual acuity in macaques is susceptible to refractive errors. Here we report a case study in which an aged macaque demonstrated clear impairment in visual acuity according to performance on a demanding behavioral task.

Competency checklists for strabismus surgery and retinopathy of prematurity examination.

Purpose: To evaluate two checklist tools that are designed to guide, document, and assess resident training in strabismus surgery and examination of infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: A panel of staff surgeons from several teaching institutions evaluated the checklists and provided constructive feedback. All former residents who had been trained via the use of these checklist tools were asked to take self-assessment surveys on competency in strabismus surgery and ROP examination.

Theoretical strategy for choosing piggyback intraocular lens powers in young children.

Introduction: The normal growth of a young child's pseudophakic eye can result in a large myopic shift. Temporary polypseudophakia using piggyback intraocular lenses (IOLs) has been proposed as a means to reduce the amount of myopic shift by removing the anterior IOL when the eye becomes sufficiently myopic. Since the rate of refractive growth can be used to predict the refractive curve over time in pseudophakic children, we used this knowledge to develop a theoretical strategy for choosing IOL power combinations for temporary polypseudophakia.

Trans-arachidonic acids generated during nitrative stress induce a thrombospondin-1-dependent microvascular degeneration.

Nitrative stress has an important role in microvascular degeneration leading to ischemia in conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Thus far, mediators of nitrative stress have been poorly characterized. We recently described that trans-arachidonic acids are major products of NO(2)(*)-mediated isomerization of arachidonic acid within the cell membrane, but their biological relevance is unknown.