Effects of clove oil concentrations on blood chemistry and stress-related gene expression in Siamese fighting fish () during transportation.

Siamese fishing fish () or betta are usually subjected to a special method of transportation for global trade, where they are individually conveyed in plastic bags containing just enough water to cover their bodies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transportation on their stress response by measuring hematological values, stress hormone levels, glucose levels, and stress-related gene expression. Betta fish (average body weight 1.