Variant-dependent oxidative and cytokine responses of human neutrophils to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-spike IgG1 antibodies.

Introduction: Severe forms of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, are characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, robust lung inflammation and death in some patients. Strong evidence has been accumulating that polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) play an important role in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 directly induces PMN activation, mainly the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Evaluating the effect of metronidazole plus amoxicillin-clavulanate versus amoxicillin-clavulanate alone in canine haemorrhagic diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial in primary care practice.

Objectives: To investigate the benefit of supplementing amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy with metronidazole in dogs presenting to a primary care veterinary practice with severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea.

Materials And Methods: Prospective randomised blinded trial on dogs presenting with haemorrhagic diarrhoea of less than 3 days duration to a primary care veterinary hospital and also requiring intravenous fluid therapy. Cases were randomised to receive either metronidazole or saline, in addition to standard supportive therapy consisting of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, intravenous fluid therapy, buprenorphine and omeprazole.

Measurement of behavioral, affective, and somatic responses to pediatric bone marrow transplantation: development of the BASES scale.

A new measure to assess behavioral, affective and somatic outcomes in the acute phase of bone marrow transplant is described. The Behavioral Affective and Somatic Experiences Scale (BASES) is a 38 item nurse-report instrument, with five subscales labeled Somatic distress, Compliance, Mood/Behavior, Interactions, and Activity. A series of pilot studies were conducted to refine the content of the BASES scale and to establish its psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and validity.

A comparison of the effects of the novel muscarinic receptor agonists L-689,660 and AF102B in tests of reference and working memory.

Four experiments compared the CNS effects of a novel M1/M3 receptor agonist L-689,660 with those of the M1/M3 muscarinic receptor agonist AF102B. In the mouse tail-flick test of antinociception (TF) the minimum effective doses to increase tail-flick latency (MED) of L-689,660 and AF102B were 0.03 mg/kg and 10.

Behavioural and pharmacological characterization of the mouth movements induced by muscarinic agonists in the rat.

Pilocarpine administered in doses of 1.25-10.0 mg/kg (IP) produced a variety of mouth movements in the rat.

Response-reinforcer associations after caudate-putamen lesions in the rat: spatial discrimination and overshadowing-potentiation effects in instrumental learning.

Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats with caudate-putamen lesions show an impairment in the acquisition and reversal of a spatial maze task when compared with unoperated control subjects. Experiment 2 examined lever-press responding supported by a variable interval schedule in three groups of subjects: a group with caudate-putamen lesions, a group with lesions of the posterior cortex, and an unoperated control group. The presentation of a 0.

A comparison of intradimensional and extradimensional shift learning in pigeons.

In each of three experiments pigeons were trained on a simultaneous discrimination between stimuli that differed in both colour and orientation. For half the birds the colour dimension was relevant and for half orientation was relevant (i.e.

Facilitation and retardation of discrimination learning after exposure to the stimuli.

In three experiments, rats was required to learn a simultaneous discrimination in a jumping stand between horizontally and vertically striped objects. Experiment 1 showed that prior prolonged exposure to these stimuli in the rats' home cages helped them to learn the discrimination. Experiment 2 showed that a briefer period of exposure (1 hr per day for 50 days) was equally effective when the stimuli were presented in the home cage but produced a retardation of discrimination when the stimuli were presented in the jumping stand itself.

Allergic alveolitis in a maltworker.

A further example of diffuse pulmonary hypersensitivity to an inhaled organic antigen is reported. A 42-year-old maltworker, who developed an illness resembling farmer's lung, was found to have been heavily exposed to the spores of Precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies against an extract of were detected in his serum, a late (Arthus-type) reaction was produced by intradermal injection of the same extract, and a pyrexial reaction, accompanied by a reduction in forced vital capacity and carbon monoxide transfer factor, occurred 6 hours after the inhalation of spores of Two of the patient's four workmates complained of similar but less severe symptoms, and their sera also contained specific antibodies. Although the spores of and of , the fungus responsible for maple-bark disease, are much larger than the 1 μ spores of sp.