Negotiation of Calcified Canals.

The gradual formation of hard tissue along the root canal walls is a natural process associated with aging, typically progressing slowly over time. In reaction to tooth wear, operative procedures, vital pulp treatments, or regenerative endodontic procedures, hard tissue may also accumulate within the pulp canal space at a slow rate. In certain cases, such as dental trauma, autotransplantation, or orthodontic treatment, this deposition of hard tissue can accelerate unexpectedly, resulting in rapid narrowing or complete closure of the root canal space.

Long-term Complications of Previously Successful Regenerative Endodontic Procedures after Orthodontic Movement: A Report of 3 Different Complications after 4, 8, and 11 Years.

There is a paucity of literature on late complications of regenerative endodontic procedures. The aim of this article was to report 3 cases of previously successful regenerative endodontic procedures with long-term follow-up that developed different complications after the application of orthodontic forces. In the first case, an 8-year-old female patient received a regenerative endodontic procedure in her previously intruded tooth (tooth no.

Present status and future directions: Management of curved and calcified root canals.

Root canal curvature and calcification introduce factors that increase the risk of procedural accidents during root canal treatment. The inability to achieve patency to the apical third, asymmetrical dentine removal leading to transportation, perforation, and instrument fracture inside the curved trajectories are some of the procedural problems that might jeopardize the management of intraradicular infection and result in poor treatment outcomes. In fact, curved and constricted canals introduce such complexity that total instrumentation concepts and specially designed instruments have been developed to deal with the challenge.

Worldwide Assessment of the Mandibular First Molar Second Distal Root and Root Canal: A Cross-sectional Study with Meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study assessed the prevalence of radix entomolaris and 2 canals at the distal aspect of mandibular first molars among different geographic regions by means of cone-beam computed tomographic imaging.

Methods: Precalibrated observers from 23 worldwide geographic locations followed a standardized screening protocol to assess 5750 cone-beam computed tomographic images of mandibular first molars (250 per region), gathering demographic data and recording the presence of radix entomolaris and a second canal at the distal aspect of teeth. Intra- and interrater reliability tests were conducted and comparisons among groups were performed using proportions and odds ratio forest plots.

Worldwide Prevalence of a Lingual Canal in Mandibular Premolars: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study with Meta-analysis.

Introduction: The presence of multiple root canals is an important morphologic aspect of mandibular premolars. This study aimed to perform a worldwide analysis on the prevalence of a lingual canal in mandibular premolars and to evaluate its influence on patients' demographics in 23 countries using cone-beam computed tomographic images.

Methods: Observers from 23 countries were instructed to evaluate cone-beam computed tomographic images of 300 first and 300 second premolars (13,800 teeth) regarding the presence of a lingual canal, canal configuration, and data related to patients' ethnicity, age, and sex following a standardized screening methodology.

Bending resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold, Reciproc Blue, and HyFlex EDM instruments.

Background/purpose: Several single-file systems manufactured using different heat treatment and operated by different kinematics have been released. This study compared the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance of three NiTi files, and examined their phase-transformation behavior.

Materials And Methods: WaveOne Gold Primary (WOG), Reciproc Blue R25 (RPB), and HyFlex EDM OneFile (HDM) were tested (N = 40/instrument).

Cervical Level Biological Repair of the Access Opening after Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: Three Cases with the Same Repair Pattern.

Introduction: This article describes the regenerative endodontic procedures applied in 3 cases of maxillary incisor necrosis that resulted in continuous root development, dentinal wall thickening, and cervical level biological repair of the access openings that was verified radiographically in 2 cases and clinically in 1 case.

Methods: Three maxillary central incisors in 2 different patients were rendered necrotic after having dentin enamel fracture traumatic dental injuries. All teeth were treated with single- or multiple-visit regenerative endodontic procedures.

Worldwide Analyses of Maxillary First Molar Second Mesiobuccal Prevalence: A Multicenter Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Study.

Introduction: Maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal (MB2) root canal prevalence may change among different populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the worldwide prevalence of the MB2 root canal and understand its possible relation with sex, age, side, and root configuration using in vivo cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) assessment.

Methods: Observers from 21 regions were calibrated to achieve a similar CBCT assessment methodology and instructed to collect data from 250 maxillary first molars in previously existing examinations.

Orthodontic Movement after Regenerative Endodontic Procedure: Case Report and Long-term Observations.

Introduction: Although regenerative treatment approaches in teeth with incomplete root formation and pulp necrosis have become part of the suggested therapeutic endodontic spectrum, little is known about the effect of orthodontic movement in the tissue that has been regenerated. Furthermore, as the number of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment increases, there is an increasing need to investigate the changes that these tissues may undergo during orthodontic movement. Here we describe the alterations observed after the application of orthodontic forces in a case of an apically root-fractured necrotic immature root that had been managed with regenerative endodontic procedures in the past.

Treatment Options for Failing Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: Report of 3 Cases.

Introduction: Regenerative treatments in necrotic immature teeth are suggested as alternatives to conventional multiple or single-step apexification procedures. Although case reports and case series provide promising results, the treatment protocol is not yet fully established and regenerative procedure might fail. Once failure is encountered, the apexification treatment options still remain.

The Use of a Novel Approach for the Instrumentation of a Cone-beam Computed Tomography-discernible Lateral Canal in an Unusual Maxillary Incisor: Case Report.

Lateral and apical ramifications of the main root canal create potential pathways through which bacteria can spread and remain unaffected by treatment procedures. It is a challenge for the specialty to find techniques that can predictably reach, disinfect, and obturate these ramifications. Here, we report the use of a novel instrumentation approach to aid in the negotiation and management of a lateral canal discernible on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an unusual maxillary central incisor.

Minimally invasive microsurgical management of the necrotic, immature apex tooth: case report and treatment recommendations.

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to introduce a minimally invasive microsurgical technique for the treatment of the necrotic, immature apex tooth in adult patients and to provide treatment recommendations.

Method And Materials: A 43-year-old male patient was diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis associated with a necrotic, immature apex of the maxillary central incisor. A minimally invasive microsurgical approach was applied for the treatment of the periapical disease.

Fluid filtration evaluation of 3 obturation techniques.

Objective: To evaluate coronal leakage and apical material extrusion of 3 obturation techniques.

Method And Materials: The coronal part of 60 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors was removed, leaving roots 10 mm in length. After instrumentation by hand K-files and smear layer removal, the 60 roots were divided randomly into 3 groups.