Sacrificing Alginate in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Implantable Artificial Livers.

This research introduced a strategy to fabricate sub-millimeter-diameter artificial liver tissue by extruding a combination of a liver decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), alginate, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Vascularization remains a critical challenge in liver tissue engineering, as replicating the liver's intricate vascular network is essential for sustaining cellular function and viability. Seven scaffold groups were evaluated, incorporating different cell compositions, scaffold materials, and structural configurations.

Direct extrusion of multifascicle prevascularized human skeletal muscle for volumetric muscle loss surgery.

Skeletal muscle is composed of multiple fascicles, which are parallel bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissues that contain blood vessels and nerves. Here, we fabricated multifascicle human skeletal muscle scaffolds that mimic the natural structure of human skeletal muscle bundles using a seven-barrel nozzle. For the core material to form the fascicle structure, human skeletal myoblasts were encapsulated in Matrigel with calcium chloride.

Double-layered blood vessels over 3 mm in diameter extruded by the inverse-gravity technique.

One of the most promising techniques for treating severe peripheral artery disease is the use of cellular tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). This study proposes an inverse-gravity (IG) extrusion technique for creating long double-layered cellular TEVGs with diameters over 3 mm. A three-layered coaxial laminar hydrogel flow in an 8 mm-diameter pipe was realised simply by changing the extrusion direction of the hydrogel from being aligned with the direction of gravity to against it.

Angiogenesis in Free-Standing Two-Vasculature-Embedded Scaffold Extruded by Two-Core Laminar Flow Device.

Rapid construction of pre-vascular structure is highly desired for engineered thick tissue. However, angiogenesis in free-standing scaffold has been rarely reported because of limitation in growth factor (GF) supply into the scaffold. This study, for the 1 time, investigated angiogenic sprouting in free-standing two-vasculature-embedded scaffold with three different culture conditions and additional GFs.

Magnetically guided targeted delivery of erythropoietin using magnetic nanoparticles: Proof of concept.

The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to demonstrate the targeted delivery of erythropoietin (EPO) using magnetically guided magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).MNPs consisting of a ferric-ferrous mixture (FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O) were prepared using a co-precipitation method. The drug delivery system (DDS) was manufactured via the spray-drying technique using a nanospray-dryer.

Cell Attachment on Inside-Outside Surface and Cell Encapsulation in Wall of Microscopic Tubular Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue-Like Formation.

By using the microfluidic spinning technology we generated tiny hydrogel tubular scaffolds. Fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell cultures were performed for seventeen days to demonstrate the potential of cell attachment on surfaces and encapsulation in the wall of he microscopic scaffolds for blood vessel-like structure forming. Over theculture period, the NIH/3T3 confluence reached around 80\%, and 100\% on the inside and outside scaffolds' surface respectively while cells proliferated and coalesced in cell group in the hydrogel wall.