Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of C-23-Modified 5--Mycaminosyltylonolide Derivatives.

The widespread use of tylosin family drugs in clinical practice has led to bacterial resistance and reduced therapeutic efficacy. We designed and synthesized a series of new semisynthetic derivatives of tylosin with 5--mycaminosyltylonolide as the mother nucleus, mainly by introducing a variety of amino groups at its C-23 position. Some of the compounds showed high antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

High-Energy Fluidic Microfluidizer Produced Whole Germinant Oat Milk: Effects on Physical Properties and Nutritional Quality.

Whole oat milk (WOM) was prepared from germinated oat by an innovatively designed high-energy fluidic microfluidizer (HEFM). The results indicated that germination treatment significantly raised the content of total protein, γ-aminobutyric acid, total phenolics, and reducing sugar, while it decreased the content of total starch and β-glucan. Oat with a germination time of 48 h had the best nutritional quality for producing WOM.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Drought-Responsive Pathways and Key Genes of Two Oat () Varieties.

To cope with the yield loss caused by drought stress, new oat varieties with greater drought tolerance need to be selected. In this study, two oat varieties with different drought tolerances were selected for analysis of their phenotypes and physiological indices under moderate and severe soil drought stress. The results revealed significant differences in the degree of wilting, leaf relative water content (RWC), and SOD and CAT activity between the two oat genotypes under severe soil drought stress; moreover, the drought-tolerant variety exhibited a significant increase in the number of stomata and wax crystals on the surface of both the leaf and guard cells; additionally, the morphology of the guard cells was normal, and there was no significant disruption of the grana lamella membrane or the nuclear envelope.

Transcriptomic response for revealing the molecular mechanism of oat flowering under different photoperiods.

Proper flowering is essential for the reproduction of all kinds of plants. Oat is an important cereal and forage crop; however, its cultivation is limited because it is a long-day plant. The molecular mechanism by which oats respond to different photoperiods is still unclear.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of QTL Underlying Groat Protein Content of a Diverse Panel of Oat Accessions.

Groat protein content (GPC) is a key quality trait attribute in oat. Understanding the variation of GPC in oat germplasms and identifying genomic regions associated with GPC are essential for improving this trait. In this study, the GPC of 174 diverse oat accessions was evaluated in three field trials.

Reference genome assemblies reveal the origin and evolution of allohexaploid oat.

Common oat (Avena sativa) is an important cereal crop serving as a valuable source of forage and human food. Although reference genomes of many important crops have been generated, such work in oat has lagged behind, primarily owing to its large, repeat-rich polyploid genome. Here, using Oxford Nanopore ultralong sequencing and Hi-C technologies, we have generated a reference-quality genome assembly of hulless common oat, comprising 21 pseudomolecules with a total length of 10.

Design, synthesis and activity against drug-resistant bacteria evaluation of C-20, C-23 modified 5-O-mycaminosyltylonolide derivatives.

With the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics with excellent activity against drug-resistant bacteria. Three novel series of tylosin semisynthetic derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among these derivatives, compound C-2 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria, and non mutagenic.

Oat-Based Foods: Chemical Constituents, Glycemic Index, and the Effect of Processing.

The desire for foods with lower glycemic indices has led to the exploration of functional ingredients and novel food processing techniques. The glycemic index (GI) is a well-recognized tool to assess the capacity of foods to raise blood glucose levels. Among cereal crops, oats have shown the greatest promise for mitigating glycemic response.

Genetic diversity and genome-wide association analysis in Chinese hulless oat germplasm.

Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-derived molecular markers reveal the distinct genetic population structure and relatively narrow genetic diversity of Chinese hulless oat landraces. Four markers linked to the naked grain gene (N1) are identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Interest in hulless oat (Avena sativa ssp.

Correlation and genetic analysis of seed shell thickness and yield factors in Tartary buckwheat ( (L.) Gaertn.).

In order to solve the difficult problem of the outer shell covering in the processing of Tartary buckwheat, we conducted a genetic analysis in segregating F and F populations derived from a hybrid between 'Yunqiao No. 1' and 'Rice buckwheat', and the F population was used to analyze the phenotypic and genetic correlation among the traits. The results showed that the variety with a value of trait for seed shell thickness over 0.

Effects of different cooking methods of oatmeal on preventing the diet-induced increase of cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic rats.

Background: The aim of present study is to investigate the influences of brewing and boiling on hypocholesterolemic effect of oatmeal in rats fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet.

Methods: Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 rats each with similar mean body weights and serum cholesterol concentrations. Rats were fed with the experimental diets containing 10% of oatmeal from two Chinese oat varieties which were brewed or boiled for 30 days.

Rhizodeposition of nitrogen and carbon by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and its contribution to intercropped oats (Avena nuda L.).

Compounds released by mungbean roots potentially represent an enormous source of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in mungbean-oat intercropping systems. In this study, an in situ experiment was conducted using a 15N - 13C double stem-feeding method to measure N and C derived from the rhizodeposition (NdfR and CdfR) of mungbean and their transfer to oats in an intercropping system. Mungbean plants were sole cropped (S) or intercropped (I) with oat.

[Oat growth and cation absorption characteristics under salt and alkali stress].

This paper monitored the oat growth and cation absorption characteristics on a saline-alkali soil in the Baicheng region of Jilin Province under low, medium, and high levels of salt stress. No significant differences were observed in the shoot growth and yield components under the three levels of salt stress, but the root biomass and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly with increasing salt stress level. At maturing stage, the root/shoot ratio under medium and high salt stresses was 77.

Effects of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in oat (Avena sativa L.) under drought stress.

Background: Drought stress significantly limits oat (Avena sativa L.) growth and productivity. Thus an efficient management of soil moisture and study of metabolic changes in response to drought are important for improved production of oat.

The evolution pattern of rDNA ITS in Avena and phylogenetic relationship of the Avena species (Poaceae: Aveneae).

Ribosomal ITS sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are included in rDNA repeats, and these repeats often undergo rapid concerted evolution within and between arrays. Therefore, the rDNA ITS copies appear to be virtually identical and can sometimes be treated as a single gene. In this paper we examined ITS polymorphism within and among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), seven tetraploid (AB, AC and CC genomes) and four hexaploid (ACD genome) to infer the extent and direction of concerted evolution, and to reveal the phylogenetic and genome relationship among species of Avena.

Antioxidant activities of aged oat vinegar in vitro and in mouse serum and liver.

Background: The present study focused on the antioxidant activities of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) vinegar. The antioxidant activities of oat and vinegar have been proved by many previous research studies.

The effects of steaming and roasting treatments on beta-glucan, lipid and starch in the kernels of naked oat (Avena nuda).

Background: Normal pressure steaming (NPS), autoclaved steaming (AS), and hot-air roasting (HAR) are widely used to deactivate oat enzyme in the oat-processing industry. Infrared roasting (IR) is a new oat deactivation method, and is welcomed and employed by increasing numbers of oat-processing plants in China. It is widely known that oat starch plays an important role in the processing function of oat food, and that oat beta-glucan and lipid contribute greatly to the health benefits of oat food.