Bi-layered spring-neap variability of water masses in estuaries and the impact of human activities.

Estuaries are one of the most important ecosystems in the world, which are economically developed and densely populated. However, the intricate hydrodynamic environment and frequent human activities within estuaries have left the spatiotemporal variability of water properties in these areas inadequately understood. Recently, based on in situ observations and numerical simulations, we found significant spring-neap variability of water mass properties in the Yangtze River Estuary, which exhibited a bi-layered vertical structure.

Spontaneous Proton Chemistry Enables Ultralow-temperature and Long-life Aqueous Copper Metal Batteries.

Aqueous copper metal batteries with acidic electrolytes are regarded as promising candidates for low-temperature energy storage, benefiting from fast kinetics of protons and acid resistance of copper. Here, a Cu(BF ) electrolyte that spontaneously generates protons is developed for ultralow-temperature copper metal batteries. Systematic studies demonstrate that the hydrolysis of BF generates more protons, rendering the Cu(BF ) among the most effective aqueous electrolyte capable of breaking hydrogen bonds in water molecules.

Cooperative Chloride Hydrogel Electrolytes Enabling Ultralow-Temperature Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries by the Hofmeister Effect.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have high potential applicability for energy storage due to their reliable safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the freezing of aqueous electrolytes limits the normal operation of batteries at low temperatures. Herein, a series of high-performance and low-cost chloride hydrogel electrolytes with high concentrations and low freezing points are developed.