The functional identification and evaluation of endophytic bacteria sourced from the roots of tolerant to overcome monoculture problems of .

The isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) from roots have profound theoretical and practical implications in ecological agriculture, particularly as bio-inoculants to address challenges associated with continuous monoculture. Our research revealed a significant increase in the abundance of these beneficial bacteria in rhizosphere soil under prolonged monoculture conditions, as shown by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, we isolated 563 strains of endophytic bacteria from roots.

Glutathione S-transferase activity facilitates rice tolerance to the barnyard grass root exudate DIMBOA.

Background: In paddy fields, the noxious weed barnyard grass secretes 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) to interfere with rice growth. Rice is unable to synthesize DIMBOA. Rice cultivars with high or low levels of allelopathy may respond differently to DIMBOA.

Intercropping with alleviates consecutive monoculture problem by reestablishing rhizosphere microenvironment.

Background: The consecutive monoculture of leads to a serious decrease in its production and quality. Previous studies have demonstrated that intercropping altered species diversity and rhizosphere microbial diversity. However, it remained unknown whether the impaired growth of monocultured plants could be restored by enhanced belowground interspecific interactions.

Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Allelopathic Rice Roots in Paddy Soil and Its Impact on Weed-Suppressive Activity at the Seedling Stages.

Background: Allelochemicals secreted by allelopathic rice roots are transmitted to the receptor rhizosphere through the soil medium to inhibit the growth of the surrounding weeds. This research aimed to explore the relationships between the spatial-temporal distribution of rice roots in soil and weed-suppression ability at its seedling stage.

Results: This study first examined the root distribution of three rice cultivars in paddy soil in both vertical and horizontal directions at 3-6 leaf stage.

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms of Chilling Tolerance in -Overexpressing Rice.

Improving tolerance to low-temperature stress during the rice seedling stage is of great significance in agricultural science. In this study, using the low silicon gene 1 ()-overexpressing (Dular-OE) and wild-type rice (Dular-WT), we showed that overexpression enhances chilling tolerance in Dular-OE. The overexpression of the increases silicon absorption, but it was not the main reason for chilling tolerance in Dular-OE.

Comparison of Silicon-Evoked Responses on Arsenic Stress between Different Dular Rice Genotypes.

Arsenic is one of the most hazardous metalloids in nature, and due to its high water solubility, it is one of the most important causes of pollution. However, silicon reduces the uptake and transport of arsenic in rice. This study investigates the interaction of different arsenic and silicon levels on dry weight, protein content, and concentrations of arsenic and silicon in two different rice shoots and roots of Dular wild-type (DU-WT) and Dular Lsi1-overexpressed (DU-OE) rice.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase localised in the endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in scavenging HO to enhance rice chilling tolerance.

Background: Rice is a chilling-sensitive crop that would suffer serious damage from low temperatures. Overexpression of the Lsi1 gene (Lsi1-OX) in rice enhances its chilling tolerance. This study revealed that a serine hydroxymethyltransferase (OsSHMT) mainly localised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in increasing tolerance to chilling.

MYB57 transcriptionally regulates MAPK11 to interact with PAL2;3 and modulate rice allelopathy.

Rice allelopathy is a natural method of weed control that is regarded as an eco-friendly practice in agroecology. The allelopathic potential of rice is regulated by various genes, including those that encode transcription factors. Our study characterized a MYB transcription factor, OsMYB57, to explore its role in the regulation of rice allelopathy.

Transcriptome analysis reveals that barnyard grass exudates increase the allelopathic potential of allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice (Oryza sativa) accessions.

Background: Allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa) is a chemically induced response that is elevated by the exogenous application of chemical compounds and barnyard grass root exudates. An in-depth understanding of the response mechanisms of rice to chemical induction is necessary for the identification of target genes for increasing the allelopathic potential of rice. However, no previous studies have evaluated the transcriptomic changes associated with allelopathy in rice in response to barnyard grass exudates treatment.

Lsi1 modulates the antioxidant capacity of rice and protects against ultraviolet-B radiation.

Silicon (Si) enhances the resistance of rice to biotic and abiotic stress. In rice, the accumulation of Si is controlled by the low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1) gene; overexpression of Lsi1 (Lsi1-OX) increases Si uptake and accumulation, while the reverse is observed in Lsi1-RNA interference (Lsi1-RNAi) transgenic rice. When the two transgenic rice lines and wild-type (WT) rice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, the Lsi1-OX or Lsi1-RNAi rice showed differential microRNA (miRNA) expression, compared to WT rice.

Protein Phosphatase () Induces Protein Expression Differentially to Mediate Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Rice under Nitrogen-Deficient Condition.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential element usually limiting in plant growth and a basic factor for increasing the input cost in agriculture. To ensure the food security and environmental sustainability it is urgently required to manage the N fertilizer. The identification or development of genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) which can grow efficiently and sustain yield in low N conditions is a possible solution.

Overexpression of Lsi1 in cold-sensitive rice mediates transcriptional regulatory networks and enhances resistance to chilling stress.

Frequent cold spells in late spring can damage early rice seedlings. However, overexpression of the silicon-uptake gene Lsi1 (Lsi1-OX) in cold-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L., accession: Dular) notably enhances its chilling resistance.

Methyl-CpG binding domain protein acts to regulate the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers on rice DNA.

UVB radiation causes cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) to form on the DNA of living organisms. This study found that overexpression of the silicon absorbance gene Lsi1 reduced the accumulation of CPDs in rice, which profited from the reactivation by photolyase. The transcript abundance of deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase (Os10g0167600) was generally correlated with the silicon content of the rice, and the up-regulation of Os10g0167600 was found to be highest in the UVB-treated Lsi1-overexpressed (Lsi1-OX) rice.

Mixed Phenolic Acids Mediated Proliferation of Pathogens Talaromyces helicus and Kosakonia sacchari in Continuously Monocultured Radix pseudostellariae Rhizosphere Soil.

Radix pseudostellariae L. is a common and popular Chinese medication. However, continuous monoculture has increased its susceptibility to severe diseases.

Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Activity of Pinus elliottii Plantations across Different Stand Ages in a Subtropical Area.

Soil microbes play an essential role in the forest ecosystem as an active component. This study examined the hypothesis that soil microbial community structure and metabolic activity would vary with the increasing stand ages in long-term pure plantations of Pinus elliottii. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) combined with community level physiological profiles (CLPP) method was used to assess these characteristics in the rhizospheric soils of P.

Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Soil Bacterial Communities under Different Vegetation Types in Subtropical Area.

Soil microbes are active players in energy flow and material exchange of the forest ecosystems, but the research on the relationship between the microbial diversity and the vegetation types is less conducted, especially in the subtropical area of China. In this present study, the rhizosphere soils of evergreen broad-leaf forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), subalpine dwarf forest (SDF) and alpine meadow (AM) were chosen as test sites. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) analysis was used to detect the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types in the National Natural Reserve of Wuyi Mountains.

Interaction of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. heterophylla mediated by its root exudates in a consecutive monoculture system.

In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the amount of Fusarium oxysporum, an important replant disease pathogen in Pseudostellaria heterophylla rhizospheric soil. Moreover, HPLC was used to identify phenolic acids in root exudates then it was further to explore the effects of the phenolic acid allelochemicals on the growth of F. oxysporum f.

Identification and comparative analysis of microRNAs in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in response to rice allelopathy.

Rice allelopathy is a hot topic in the field of allelopathy, and behaviour of donor allelopathic rice has been well documented. However, few study addresses response of receiver barnyardgrass (BYG). We found that expression of miRNAs relevant to plant hormone signal transduction, nucleotide excision repair and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and p53 signalling pathways was enhanced in BYG co-cultured with the allelopathic rice cultivar PI312777, the expression levels of these miRNAs in BYG plants were positively correlated with allelopathic potential of the co-cultured rice varieties.

[Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, East China].

By using Biolog Ecoplate system, this paper studied the structure and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, aimed to probe into the effects of vegetation type on the diversity of soil microbial community. The results showed that the soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and average well color development (AWCD) were higher in natural forest than in planted forest, and were the lowest in abandoned field. The AWCD reflecting soil microbial activity and functional diversity was increased with increasing incubation time, but there existed significant differences among different vegetation types.

Method for RNA extraction and cDNA library construction from microbes in crop rhizosphere soil.

Techniques to analyze the transcriptome of the soil rhizosphere are essential to reveal the interactions and communications between plants and microorganisms in the soil ecosystem. In this study, different volumes of Al₂(SO₄)₃ were added to rhizosphere soil samples to precipitate humic substances, which interfere with most procedures of RNA and DNA analyses. After humic substances were precipitated, cells of soil microorganisms were broken by vortexing with glass beads, and then DNA and RNA were recovered using Tris-HCl buffer with LiCl, SDS, and EDTA.

Barnyard grass stress up regulates the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in allelopathic rice.

Allelopathic rice cultivar PI312777 (PI) and non-allelopathic rice cultivar Lemont (Le) were mixed with barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L., BYG) at various ratios (rice:weed ratios of 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1) in hydroponic cultures. The expression of four genes, i.

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic determination of ABA's effects on grain-filling of Oryza sativa L. inferior spikelets.

Cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), especially the large-spikelet-type, often fail to achieve the high yield potential due to poor grain-filling of their inferior (late-flowering) spikelets. The superior (early-flowering) spikelets normally contain more abscisic acid (ABA) than the inferior spikelets.