Cloning of the promoter of rice brown planthopper feeding-inducible gene OsTPS31 and identification of related cis-regulatory elements.

Background: Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious pests of rice in the world. Insect-resistant genetic engineering is a very effective technology to control BPH. The promoters and cis-regulatory elements inducible by plant-feeding insects are critical for genetic engineering of insect-resistant crops.

The Deterioration of Agronomical Traits of the Continuous Cropping of Stevia Is Associated With the Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Community.

Bertoni is grown worldwide as an important, natural sweetener resource plant. The yield of steviol glycosides (SVglys) is greatly influenced by continuous cropping. In this study, we collected the roots, rhizosphere soils, and bulk soils from 2 years of continuous cropping (Y2) and 8 years of continuous cropping (Y8).

Regulation of Phytohormones on the Growth and Development of Plant Root Hair.

The tubular-shaped unicellular extensions of plant epidermal cells known as root hairs are important components of plant roots and play crucial roles in absorbing nutrients and water and in responding to stress. The growth and development of root hair include, mainly, fate determination of root hair cells, root hair initiation, and root hair elongation. Phytohormones play important regulatory roles as signal molecules in the growth and development of root hair.

Research Advances in Cadmium Uptake, Transport and Resistance in Rice ( L.).

Rice ( L.) is one of the most important food crops, feeding half of the world's population. However, rice production is affected by cadmium (Cd) toxicity.

Coexpression of * and Genes Contributes to High Glyphosate Tolerance and Low Glyphosate Residues in Transgenic Rice.

Weeds are one of the main factors that affect the yield and quality of rice. The combination of glyphosate-resistant transgenic crops and glyphosate is regarded as an important strategy for weed management in modern agriculture. In this study, a codon-optimized glyphosate oxidase gene from a variant BceGO-B3S1 and a glyphosate-tolerant gene from the bacterium were transformed into an .

Repressed OsMESL expression triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

A few reports have indicated that a single gene confers resistance to bacterial blight, sheath blight and rice blast. In this study, we identified a novel disease resistance mutant gene, methyl esterase-like (osmesl) in rice. Mutant rice with T-DNA insertion displayed significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice ( L.).

Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets).

Development of 'multiresistance rice' by an assembly of herbicide, insect and disease resistance genes with a transgene stacking system.

Background: Weeds, diseases and pests pose serious threats to rice production and cause significant economic losses. Cultivation of rice varieties with resistance to herbicides, diseases and pests is believed to be the most economical and environmentally friendly method to deal with these problems.

Results: In this study, a highly efficient transgene stacking system was used to assembly the synthetic glyphosate-tolerance gene (I.

Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Decrease in Cytokinins Content Promotes Rice Seminal Root Growth by Promoting Root Meristem Cell Proliferation and Cell Elongation.

Rice ( L.) seedlings grown under nitrogen (N) deficiency conditions show a foraging response characterized by increased root length. However, the mechanism underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly understood.

Strigolactones regulate shoot elongation by mediating gibberellin metabolism and signaling in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate diverse physiological processes including shoot elongation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of SLs in rice shoot elongation. Our results demonstrate that defects in SL biosynthesis or signaling led to dwarfism, and the dwarf statures of SL-deficient mutant (d17) and SL-insensitive mutant (d14) were restored to wild-type (WT) by gibberellin (GA) treatment, indicating that their dwarfism was associated with decreased GA content or weakened GA sensitivity.

Supraoptimal Cytokinin Content Inhibits Rice Seminal Root Growth by Reducing Root Meristem Size and Cell Length via Increased Ethylene Content.

Cytokinins (CKs), a class of phytohormone, regulate root growth in a dose-dependent manner. A certain threshold content of CK is required for rapid root growth, but supraoptimal CK content inhibits root growth, and the mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear in rice. In this study, treatments of lovastatin (an inhibitor of CK biosynthesis) and kinetin (KT; a synthetic CK) were found to inhibit rice seminal root growth in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that endogenous CK content is optimal for rapid growth of the seminal root in rice.

Salinity Inhibits Rice Seed Germination by Reducing α-Amylase Activity via Decreased Bioactive Gibberellin Content.

Seed germination plays important roles in the establishment of seedlings and their subsequent growth; however, seed germination is inhibited by salinity, and the inhibitory mechanism remains elusive. Our results indicate that NaCl treatment inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing the contents of bioactive gibberellins (GAs), such as GA and GA and that this inhibition can be rescued by exogenous bioactive GA application. To explore the mechanism of bioactive GA deficiency, the effect of NaCl on GA metabolic gene expression was investigated, revealing that expression of both GA biosynthetic genes and GA-inactivated genes was up-regulated by NaCl treatment.

Jasmonic acid deficiency leads to scattered floret opening time in cytoplasmic male sterile rice Zhenshan 97A.

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice has been widely used for hybrid rice seed production in China. However, CMS rice suffers from undesirable flowering habits including scattered floret opening time (FOT), which causes different FOTs among parental rice plants and greatly reduces hybrid rice seed production. Little is known about the mechanism of scattered FOT in CMS rice.

Salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase regulates Arabidopsis leaf longevity by mediating salicylic acid catabolism.

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays critical roles in plant defense, stress responses, and senescence. Although SA biosynthesis is well understood, the pathways by which SA is catabolized remain elusive. Here we report the identification and characterization of an SA 3-hydroxylase (S3H) involved in SA catabolism during leaf senescence.

Different effects of night versus day high temperature on rice quality and accumulation profiling of rice grain proteins during grain filling.

High temperature has adverse effects on rice yield and quality. The different influences of night high temperature (NHT) and day high temperature (DHT) on rice quality and seed protein accumulation profiles during grain filling in indica rice '9311' were studied in this research. The treatment temperatures of the control, NHT, and DHT were 28°C/20°C, 27°C/35°C, and 35°C/27°C, respectively, and all the treatments were maintained for 20 days.

Decreased panicle-derived indole-3-acetic acid reduces gibberellin A1 level in the uppermost internode, causing panicle enclosure in male sterile rice Zhenshan 97A.

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice Zhenshan 97A (ZS97A) has been widely used in hybrid rice production in China. However, ZS97A suffers from serious panicle enclosure, which blocks normal pollination and greatly reduces seed production of hybrid rice. Little is known about the cause of panicle closure in ZS97A.

EUI1, encoding a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, regulates internode elongation by modulating gibberellin responses in rice.

Elongation of rice internodes is one of the most important agronomic traits, which determines the plant height and underlies the grain yield. It has been shown that the elongation of internodes is under genetic control, and various factors are implicated in the process. Here, we report a detailed characterization of an elongated uppermost internode1 (eui1) mutant, which has been used in hybrid rice breeding.