A review focuses on a neglected and controversial component of SCI: myelin debris.

Myelin sheath, as the multilayer dense structure enclosing axons in humans and other higher organisms, may rupture due to various injury factors after spinal cord injury, thus producing myelin debris. The myelin debris contains a variety of myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and lipid, all inhibiting the repair after spinal cord injury. Through summary and analysis, the present authors found that the inhibition of myelin debris can be mainly divided into two categories: firstly, the direct inhibition mediated by MAIs; secondly, the indirect inhibition mediated by lipid such as cholesterol.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological Diagnosis of Primary Breast Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma/Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Primary breast large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC)/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also referred to as mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast (Br-MiNENs), represents an exceedingly rare malignancy. We report the first case of primary breast LCNEC/SCC diagnosed via ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the left supraclavicular and left internal mammary lymph nodes. The patient, a 40-year-old female, underwent a lumpectomy followed by breast-conserving surgery and was diagnosed with primary breast LCNEC.

ABAQUS-based research on the parameters of highway subgrade vibratory compaction and vibration wave propagation laws.

Vibratory rollers are generally used in the process of highway subgrade compaction. In the paper, the vibratory roller-subgrade finite element model was established to simulate the field construction by using ABAQUS. We used Hilbert-Huang Transform to analyze the compaction in the field test from the time-frequency domain.

A wearable osmotic microneedle patch provides high-capacity sustained drug delivery in animal models.

The maintenance of stable plasma drug concentrations within a therapeutic window can be critical for drug efficacy. Here, we developed a wearable osmotic microneedle (OMN) patch to support sustained drug dosing for at least 24 hours without the use of electronic components. The OMN patch uses an osmotic pressure driving force to deliver drug solution into the skin through three hollow microneedles with diameters of less than 200 micrometers.

Glucose-Responsive Microneedle Patch with High Insulin Loading Capacity for Prolonged Glycemic Control in Mice and Minipigs.

Transdermal microneedle-mediated glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems can modulate insulin release based on fluctuations in blood glucose levels, thus maintaining normoglycemia effectively in a continuous, convenient, and minimally invasive manner. However, conventional microneedles are limited by the low drug loading capacity, making it challenging to be applied on human skin at a reasonable size for a lasting glucose-controlling effect, thus hindering their clinical translation. Here, we design a microneedle patch with a solid insulin powder core to achieve a high loading capacity of insulin (>70 wt %) as well as a glucose-sensitive polymeric shell to realize glucose-responsive insulin release.

Shaking table test on damage mechanism of bedrock and overburden layer slope based on the time-frequency analysis method.

To systematically analyze the damage caused by bedrock and overburden layer slope under seismic action, a set of large-scale shaking table test was designed and completed. Interpolation of the acceleration amplification coefficient, Hilbert-Huang transform and transfer function was adopted. The damage mechanisms of the bedrock and overburden layer slopes under seismic action are systematically summarized in terms of slope displacement, acceleration field, vibration amplitude, energy, vibration frequency, and damage level.

Quercetin-loaded Human Umbilical cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived sEVs for Spinal Cord Injury Recovery.

Following spinal cord injury, the inflammatory environment at the injury site causes local microglia and astrocytes to activate, which worsens the nerve damage in the affected area. Quercetin, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been limited in spinal cord injury due to its poor water solubility and easy degradation. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can go through the blood-brain barrier and are an ideal drug delivery system.

Factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Knowledge about factors affecting functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is helpful in guiding treatment, but there has been little systematic research on this topic. This study aimed to identify independent factors contributing to functional disability in NSCLBP patients especially the impact of sagittal parameters and body postures in work, learning, and daily life.

Methods: Sociodemographic data, sagittal parameters, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) of NSCLBP patients were collected.

Renal B-lymphoblastic lymphoma with hematuria as the first symptom diagnosed in urine cytology: A case report and literature review.

Cytological examination of urine sediment is a helpful diagnostic tool for identifying renal involvement by hematological malignancies. We present the case of a 47-year-old man who was diagnosed with extranodal B-lymphoblastic lymphomas after presenting with gross hematuria as his first symptom. The presence of lymphoma cells in the urine led to a diagnosis confirmed through an immunophenotypic study using cell block sections of urine centrifuge sediment and core needle biopsy histology of the right renal pelvis mass.

Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids(Sangzhi alkaloids) and metformin on blood glucose fluctuations in combination with premixed insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluated the effect of premixed insulin (Ins), premixed insulin combined with metformin (Ins+Met) or mulberry twig alkaloids(Ins+SZ-A) on blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using continuous glucose monitors (CGM).

Methods: Thirty patients with T2DM and poor blood glucose control using drugs were evaluated for eligibility during the screening period. Subsequently, their original hypoglycemic drugs were discontinued during the lead-in period, and after receiving Ins intensive treatment for 2 weeks, they were randomly assigned to receive either Ins, Ins+Met, or Ins+SZ-A treatment for the following 12 weeks.

Correlation between sagittal parameters and disability of patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study of 435 subjects.

Background Context: Sagittal parameters are significantly correlated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult spinal deformity patients. Their association with HRQoL in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is unclear.

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between sagittal parameters and disability in NSCLBP patients.

The Impact of the Foliar Application of Amino Acid Aqueous Fertilizer on the Flavor of Potato Tubers.

The quality of the flavor of potatoes is a crucial determinant in the commercial success of a potato variety. Plant nutrition promotes the synthesis of amino acids, and the application of exogenous amino acids has the potential to enhance the flavor quality of potatoes. In this experiment, Dian Shu 1418 and Dian Shu 23 were used as the materials, and different amino acid foliar spray trials were designed.

Development of an innovative minimally invasive primate spinal cord injury model: A case report.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) animal models have been widely created and utilized for repair therapy research, but more suitable experimental animals and accurate modeling methodologies are required to achieve the desired results. In this experiment, we constructed an innovative dorsal 1/4 spinal cord transection macaque model that had fewer severe problems, facilitating postoperative care and recovery. In essence, given that monkeys and humans share similar genetics and physiology, the efficacy of this strategy in a nonhuman primate SCI model basically serves as a good basis for its prospective therapeutic use in human SCI.

A case report of the treatment and care of decubitus ulcers in macaques with spinal cord injury.

Decubitus ulcers are a common spinal cord injury (SCI) complication that puts patients' lives in danger and has emerged as a more prevalent issue in modern clinical rehabilitation and care. Decubitus ulcers in humans can currently be treated in a number of different ways, but there are fewer studies on how to treat and care for decubitus ulcers in macaques. To treat a 20-year-old adult male macaque monkey with SCI and decubitus ulcers after a quarter transection of the thoracic spinal cord, a number of scientific care procedures and pharmaceutical treatments, such as dietary changes and topical or intravenous administration of medication, were carried out and continuously monitored in real-time.

Ultrarapid-Acting Microneedles for Immediate Delivery of Biotherapeutics.

Subcutaneous (SC) injection is a common administration route for rapid and efficient delivery of biotherapeutics. However, syringe-based injections usually require professional assistance and are associated with pain and potential risks of infections, thus leading to undesired patient compliance and poor life quality. Herein, this work presents an ultrarapid-acting microneedle (URA-MN) patch for immediate transdermal delivery of therapeutics in a minimally invasive manner.

Berberine-loaded MSC-derived sEVs encapsulated in injectable GelMA hydrogel for spinal cord injury repair.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), local inflammatory response and fibrous scar formation severely hinder nerve regeneration. Berberine (Ber) has a powerful regulatory effect on the local microenvironment, but its limited solubility and permeability through the blood-brain barrier severely limit its systemic efficacy. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are natural nanocarriers with high cargo loading capacity, and can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates behavior deficits in Parkinson's disease mouse model via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis.

Aims: The effects of FGF21 on Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship with gut microbiota have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether FGF21 would attenuate behavioral impairment through microbiota-gut-brain metabolic axis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD mice model.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were rendomized into 3 groups: vehicle (CON); MPTP 30 mg/kg/day i.

Wave Propagation Characteristics and Compaction Status of Subgrade during Vibratory Compaction.

Vibratory compaction status has a significant influence on the construction quality of subgrade engineering. This study carried out field experiments to study the propagation characteristics of the vertical vibration wave in the soil field along the traveling direction of the vibratory roller. The propagation coefficients of the peak acceleration at different positions and compacting rounds are compared in both the time and frequency domains.

Diagnostic performance of deep learning-based vessel extraction and stenosis detection on coronary computed tomography angiography for coronary artery disease: a multi-reader multi-case study.

Background: Post-processing and interpretation of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) imaging are time-consuming and dependent on the reader's experience. An automated deep learning (DL)-based imaging reconstruction and diagnosis system was developed to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Methods: Our study including 374 cases from five sites, inviting 12 radiologists, assessed the DL-based system in diagnosing obstructive coronary disease with regard to diagnostic performance, imaging post-processing and reporting time of radiologists, with invasive coronary angiography as a standard reference.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mediated Drug Delivery for First Aid.

Timely administration of key medications toward patients with sudden diseases is critical to saving lives. However, slow transport of first-aid therapeutics and the potential absence of trained people for drug usage can lead to severe injuries or even death. Herein, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mediated first-aid system for targeted delivery (uFAST) is developed.

Glucose-responsive microneedle patch for closed-loop dual-hormone delivery in mice and pigs.

Insulin and glucagon secreted from the pancreas with dynamic balance play a vital role in regulating blood glucose levels. Although distinct glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems have been developed, the lack of a self-regulated glucagon release module limits their clinical applications due to the potential risk of hypoglycemia. Here, we describe a transdermal polymeric microneedle patch for glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin and glucagon delivery to achieve glycemic regulation with minimized risk of hypoglycemia.

Polysaccharides from alleviate hypercholesterolemia modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Polysaccharides from (EP) possess multiple biological activities, while the role of EP in hypercholesterolemia and its relationship with the gut microbiota have not been elucidated. To address this issue, fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to a basal diet and a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, and 3 treatment groups were fed an HFHC diet supplemented with different dosages of EP (100, 200 and 300 mg kg day) for 12 weeks. Here we show that EP intervention lowered serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and inhibited hepatic cholesterol deposition.

Astrocyte-derived sEVs alleviate fibrosis and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), there are complex pathological states in which the formation of scar tissues is a great obstacle to nerve repair. There are currently many potential treatments that can help to reduce the formation of glial scars. However, little attention has been paid to fibrous scarring.

Kimura disease, a rare cause of inguinal lymphadenopathy: A case report.

Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that mainly involves damage to lymph nodes, soft tissues, and salivary glands. The clinical symptoms are mainly painless subcutaneous soft tissue masses, often involving head and neck lymph nodes and salivary glands, and are mainly characterized by diffuse eosinophilic infiltration, lymphocyte, and vascular proliferation. There are few reports in the literature that KD affects only inguinal lymph nodes.