Defect-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks as Bioinspired Heterogeneous Catalysts for Amide Bond Formation.

The synthesis of amides from amines and carboxylic acids is the most widely carried out reaction in medicinal chemistry. Yet, most amide couplings are still conducted using stoichiometric reagents, leading to significant waste; few synthetic catalysts for this transformation have been adopted industrially due to their limited scope and/or poor recyclability. The majority of catalytic approaches focus on a single activation mode, such as enhancing the electrophilicity of the carboxylic acid partner using a Lewis acid.

Blood Pressure and Transient Postoperative Neurologic Deterioration, Following Superficial Temporal-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We investigated whether intraoperative systolic blood pressure (ISBP) is associated with the risk of transient neurologic deficits (TND) following superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). In this retrospective observational study, data from adult patients with MMD who had undergone STA-MCA anastomosis at a single tertiary academic hospital during May 2003-April 2014 were examined. Data on patient characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records, including the details of comorbidities and laboratory findings.

Effect of scalp blocks with levobupivacaine on recovery profiles after craniotomy for aneurysm clipping: a randomized, double-blind, and controlled study.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of scalp blocks using levobupivacaine on recovery profiles including postoperative pain, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) consumption, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and other adverse events in patients undergoing frontoparietal craniotomy for aneurysm clipping.

Methods: Fifty-two patients scheduled for elective frontoparietal craniotomy for unruptured aneurysm clipping were enrolled. After surgery, scalp blocks were performed using normal saline (group C, n = 26) or 0.

Symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion on SPECT after indirect revascularization surgery for Moyamoya disease.

Six patients who experienced transient neurological deteriorations with no evidences of hemorrhage and infarction after encephaloduroarteriogaleosynangiosis for moyamoya disease were evaluated with semiquantitative analysis using brain perfusion SPECT. Postoperative transient neurological deteriorations topographically corresponded to hyperperfusion areas on SPECT. Cerebral blood flows of both the operated hemisphere and focal hyperperfusion area increased significantly after surgery (P=0.

Incidence rate of Aneurysmal SAH in Gwangju City and Jeollanamdo Province in 2007.

Objective: The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) worldwide varies considerably. In spite of many reports about the incidence of SAH, there has been no report about the incidence of SAH on the basis of the Korean population. The purpose of this hospital-based study was to assess the actual incidence rates of aneurysmal SAH in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo province.

A rare Asian founder polymorphism of Raptor may explain the high prevalence of Moyamoya disease among East Asians and its low prevalence among Caucasians.

Background: In an earlier study, we identified a locus for Moyamoya disease (MMD) on 17q25.3.

Methods: Linkage analysis and fine mapping were conducted for two new families in additional to the previously studied 15 families.

A polymorphic variant of the endoglin gene is associated with increased risk for intracranial aneurysms in a Korean population.

Background: Endoglin is a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex and is predominantly expressed on the cell surface of endothelial cells. It plays an important role in vascular growth and development. There have been conflicting reports on whether a polymorphic variant, in the endoglin gene, is associated with risk for IAs.

Combined intravenous and intraarterial revascularization therapy using MRI perfusion/diffusion mismatch selection for acute ischemic stroke at 3-6 h after symptom onset.

Background And Purpose: Intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in a 3-6 h window in patients selected with perfusion/diffusion mismatch. However, the advantages of combined IV and intraarterial (IA) thrombolysis after 3 h of stroke onset are unexplored.

Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients with persistent occlusion of intracranial large arteries were screened prospectively for thrombolysis by evaluating perfusion/diffusion mismatch on MRI.

Treatment of a sequential giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar trunk.

We report an exceptional case of a de novo giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar trunk, which developed shortly after the therapeutic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery for a fusiform carotid aneurysm. It would appear to be appropriate to call this entity a sequential giant fusiform aneurysm. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the giant basilar trunk aneurysm following bypass surgery.

Postoperative 3D angiography in intracranial aneurysms.

Background And Purpose: Postsurgical evaluation of patients with intracranial aneurysms is important because there is a risk of regrowth and subarachnoid hemorrhage from residual aneurysms. We assessed the role and value of 3D angiography in this evaluation.

Methods: Images from both 3D angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were preoperatively obtained in 71 consecutive patients with 88 intracranial clipped aneurysms.

Adenoviral p16/CDKN2 gene transfer to malignant glioma: role of p16 in growth, invasion, and senescence.

In gliomas, a high frequency of homozygous p16 gene deletions have been demonstrated, which are believed to be linked with malignant progression. The aim of this study was to assess the role of p16 in growth, invasion, and senescence. The human glioma cell lines U87 MG and U373 MG were transduced with Ad-p16, and cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining.

Posterior fossa hemorrhage caused by dural arteriovenous fistula: case reports.

Background: Relatively few reports are available on dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) accompanied by posterior fossa hemorrhage. We now report upon two such cases and discuss the differential diagnosis and imaging findings.

Case Description: A 36-year-old man was admitted after experiencing sudden headache.

Growth of basilar artery aneurysm after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.

We report upon two cases of obstructive hydrocephalus produced by giant basilar artery aneurysms. They initially presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, and were managed by a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt with good symptomatic improvement. With time, however, both showed a gradual deterioration of clinical symptoms due to increased aneurysm size.

Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics with perfusion MRI in childhood moyamoya disease.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of perfusion MRI and to compare the findings with those of conventional imaging in childhood moyamoya disease (MMD). Perfusion MRI was performed preoperatively on 13 cases of childhood MMD. Based on the perfusion MRI findings, patients were classified into four groups: those with normal regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and time to peak (TTP) (group 1, n = 2); those with normal rCBV and delayed TTP (group 2, n = 1); those with increased rCBV and delayed TTP (group 3, n = 5), and those with decreased rCBV and delayed TTP (group 4, n = 5).

Technical problems associated with new designs of Guglielmi detachable coils.

Background And Purpose: Recently, we experienced several technical problems that were directly related to new designs of Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs). We herein present cases involving those problems and propose probable causes.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical and angiographic data of 269 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms who had been treated with GDCs between May 1996 and October 2001.

Postoperative seizure outcome in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

This study was intended to investigate the pre- and postoperative profile of seizures in the patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The patients consisted of 46 consecutive cases with supratentorial AVMs operated on from May 1987 to May 1993. Their postoperative mean follow-up duration was 60 months.

A technique of GDC embolization for deeply bilobulated aneurysms.

The endovascular occlusion of deeply bilobulated aneurysms is a technical challenge. Recently, we successfully treated three patients with deeply bilobulated aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils. The embolization technique was conventional, but it required several special technical considerations.

Clinical characteristics of dural arteriovenous fistula.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is an uncommon neurosurgical condition; in particular, it has been infrequently reported in Korea. To understand the general clinical characteristics of DAVFs, the authors reviewed 53 cases and analyzed factors affecting DAVF hemorrhage of and treatment outcome. Since 1980 we have encountered 480 pial and 53 DAVFs, a ratio of 9.

Intraarterially administered abciximab as an adjuvant thrombolytic therapy: report of three cases.

The intravenous administration of abciximab can be used as an adjuvant therapy to facilitate thrombolysis for acute cerebrovascular occlusion. However, to our knowledge, the intraaterial administration of abciximab has not been reported. We recently treated three patients with acute thrombosis of the cerebral arteries by using an intraarterial infusion of urokinase and abciximab.