The transcriptomic landscape of normal and ineffective erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution.

The anemias of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) are generally macrocytic and always reflect ineffective erythropoiesis yet result from diverse genetic mutations. To delineate shared mechanisms that lead to cell death, we studied the fate of single erythroid marrow cells from individuals with DBA or MDS-5q. We defined an unhealthy (vs healthy) differentiation trajectory using transcriptional pseudotime and cell surface proteins.

Blockade of interleukin 10 potentiates antitumour immune function in human colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Objective: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cellular therapy have had limited success in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). We sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) blockade on endogenous T cell and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell antitumour function in CRLM slice cultures.

Design: We created organotypic slice cultures from human CRLM (n=38 patients' tumours) and tested the antitumour effects of a neutralising antibody against IL-10 (αIL-10) both alone as treatment and in combination with exogenously administered carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific CAR-T cells.

Selinexor in Advanced, Metastatic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Multinational, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Antitumor activity in preclinical models and a phase I study of patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DD-LPS) was observed with selinexor. We evaluated the clinical benefit of selinexor in patients with previously treated DD-LPS whose sarcoma progressed on approved agents.

Methods: SEAL was a phase II-III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Circulating activated immune cells as a potential blood biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer occurrence and progression.

Background: Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has greatly improved in recent years. However, noninvasive early screening for carcinogenesis and progression unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of peripheral blood immune cells in untreated NSCLC patients.

Single-cell analysis of erythropoiesis in Rpl11 haploinsufficient mice reveals insight into the pathogenesis of Diamond-Blackfan anemia.

Rpl11 haploinsufficient mice develop a macrocytic anemia similar to patients with DBA. Here, we fully characterize this model from clinical and pathophysiological perspectives. Early erythroid precursors have increased heme content and high cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species, impairing erythroid differentiation at the colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)/proerythroblast stage and subsequently.

Modulation of Immune Checkpoints by Chemotherapy in Human Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, and incidence is rising in younger populations (younger than 50 years). Current chemotherapies can achieve response rates above 50%, but immunotherapies have limited value for patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancers. The present study investigates the impact of chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment.

Circulating activated lymphocyte subsets as potential blood biomarkers of cancer progression.

The objective of this study was to predict the value of lymphocyte subsets in cancer progression. Peripheral blood was obtained from 327 untreated patients with cancer and 158 healthy volunteers. Levels of lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry.

Effect of Endostar combined with chemotherapy in advanced well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Endostar and temozolomide or dacarbazine plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).Phase II study of 14 patients with locally advanced or metastatic well-differentiated pNETs treated between April 2013 and September 2016. Patients received temozolomide or dacarbazine plus 5-FU, and Endostar.

Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways.

Efficacy of Gemcitabine and S-1 for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Objective To explore the efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in treating locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine and S-1 as first-line therapy in the Department of Medical Oncology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2017.Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1000 mg/m over 30 min-utes on days 1 and 8,and oral S-1 at a dose of 40-60 mg twice daily from days 1 to 14,repeated every 3 weeks.

Efficiency of Sunitinib in Chinese Patients with Advanced Progressive Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Objective To explore the efficiency of sunitinib in Chinese pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) patients. Methods Advanced pNET patients who had accepted sunitinib treatment in the oncology department of PUMC Hospital from January 2009 to June 2015 after disease progression were enrolled in this study. Data collection included clinicopathological characteristics,medical therapies and outcomes.

Genetic analysis in a patient with nine primary malignant neoplasms: a rare case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

To identify rare mutations and retrospectively estimate the cancer risk of a 45-year old female patient diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), who developed nine primary malignant neoplasms in a period of 38 years, we conducted next-generation sequencing in this patient. Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing were performed in DNA of whole blood obtained a year prior to the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and at the time of diagnosis of AML, respectively. We analyzed rare mutations in cancer susceptibility genes using a candidate strategy and estimated cancer risk using the Risk-O-Gram algorithm.

Serum chromogranin A levels for the diagnosis and follow-up of well-differentiated non-functioning neuroendocrine tumors.

Circulating chromogranin A (CgA) level is a useful marker for diagnosis and treatment efficacy monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum CgA in well-differentiated non-functioning NETs and to investigate the correlation between changes in serum CgA levels and imaging responses in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, 60 healthy controls and 82 patients with NETs (28 with localized NETs and 54 with advanced NETs) treated between December 2010 and November 2014 were included. CgA levels were determined by ELISA.

MicroRNA-1246 enhances migration and invasion through CADM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The aberrant expression of microRNAs has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of hepatocarcinoma. miR-1246 expression in High invasive ability cell line than significantly higher than that in low invasive ability cell line.

Methods: Transwell chambers (8-uM pore size; Costar) were used in the in vitro migration and invison anssay.

Chromogranin A is a reliable serum diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors but not for insulinomas.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a group of rare tumors. Chromogranin A (CgA) was considered as the most practical and useful serum tumor marker in PNET patients. But peripheral blood levels of CgA are not routinely tested in Chinese patients with PNETs.

Gefitinib-Integrated Regimen versus Chemotherapy Alone in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case-Control Study.

Background: The study aimed to compare the tolerability and efficacy of gefitinib combined with chemotherapy agents versus chemotherapy alone for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma in heavily pretreated patients.

Methods: The study was designed as a matched-pair case-control investigation to minimize intergroup heterogeneity. Patients were stratified into gefitinib plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone groups with matching for sex, age, ECOG performance status, progress-free survival (PFS) from previous EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, EGFR mutation types, and tumor metastasis status.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Continuous-Infusion 5-Fluorouracil for Gastric Cancer: A Phase II Study.

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy with the docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (DCF) regimen in patients with gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-two patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer were enrolled in this study after undergoing radical resection. The patients received the following chemotherapy: docetaxel (60 mg/m(2)) on day 1, cisplatin (12 mg/m(2) per day) on days 1 to 5, and 5-FU (2500 mg/m(2)) continuous infusion for 120 hours, repeated every 3 weeks for six cycles.

[Treatment and prognosis of 77 cases of small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinical treatment modality and prognosis of small cell lung cancer(SCLC).

Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 77 SCLC patients who were admitted to our department after 2002.

Results: The disease was limited in 43 patients and extensive in 34 patients.