Volatile organic compounds (VOC) metabolites in urine are associated with increased systemic inflammation levels, and smokers are identified as a vulnerable population.

Background: Previous studies indicated that exposure to VOCs was linked to increased systemic inflammation levels. However, the dose-response relationships between urine VOCs metabolites and systemic inflammation have not been established, and the key metabolite of the toxic compounds has not been identified.

Methods: We used data in 7007 US adults in the NHANES cycles (2011-2018) across 8 years.

Biomolecule-derived three-dimensional N, P co-doped carbon nanosheets for the efficient oxidative dehydrogenation of propane.

Non-metallic heteroatom-doped carbon materials are promising catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP), but their controlled synthesis remains challenging. Herein, a novel three-dimensional N, P co-doped carbon nanosheet (NPC-NS-T) catalyst is prepared, which shows an impressive catalytic performance in the ODHP reaction with high propane conversion (20.0%) and high selectivity for propene (62.

Palladium Catalyzed Cyanation of Diaryl Sulfoxides.

Aryl nitriles are highly versatile and useful compounds. A palladium-catalyzed cyanation of diaryl sulfoxides using bench-stable Zn(CN) as the cyanating reagent has been developed. The reaction proceeded well using Pd(OAc) as the catalyst with the inexpensive ligand PCy in the presence of -BuONa.

Ring-opening silylation of -arylindoles endocyclic C-N bond cleavage triggered by silylboranes.

The cleavage of heteroaromatic endocyclic carbon-heteroatom bonds to assemble C-Si bonds is scarce. Here, we demonstrate an unprecedented dearomatization silylation of -arylindoles arising from reductive activation initiated by electron-rich silylboronic complexes to deliver silyl styrenes with perfect stereoselectivity.

WS Moiré Superlattices Supporting Au Nanoclusters and Isolated Ru to Boost Hydrogen Production.

Maximizing the catalytic activity of single-atom and nanocluster catalysts through the modulation of the interaction between these components and the corresponding supports is crucial but challenging. Herein, guided by theoretical calculations, a nanoporous bilayer WS Moiré superlattices (MSLs) supported Au nanoclusters (NCs) adjacent to Ru single atoms (SAs) (Ru/Au-2LWS) is developed for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for the first time. Theoretical analysis suggests that the induced robust electronic metal-support interaction effect in Ru/Au-2LWS is prone to promote the charge redistribution among Ru SAs, Au NCs, and WS MSLs support, which is beneficial to reduce the energy barrier for water adsorption and thus promoting the subsequent H formation.

Bifunctional Oxygen-Defect Bismuth Catalyst toward Concerted Production of HO with over 150% Cell Faradaic Efficiency in Continuously Flowing Paired-Electrosynthesis System.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) from O or HO via the two-electron (2e) oxygen reduction (2e ORR) or water oxidation (2e WOR) reaction provides a green and sustainable alternative to the traditional anthraquinone process. Herein, a paired-electrosynthesis tactic is reported for concerted HO production at a high rate by coupling the 2e ORR and 2e WOR, in which the bifunctional oxygen-vacancy-enriched BiO nanorods (O-BiO-EO), obtained through electrochemically oxidative reconstruction of Bi-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) nanorod precursor, are used as both efficient anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts, achieving concurrent HO production at both electrodes with high Faradaic efficiencies. Specifically, the coupled 2e ORR//2e WOR electrolysis system based on such distinctive oxygen-defect Bi catalyst displays excellent performance for the paired-electrosynthesis of HO, delivering a remarkable cell Faradaic efficiency of 154.

Self-supported bimetallic array superstructures for high-performance coupling electrosynthesis of formate and adipate.

The coupling electrosynthesis involving CO upgrade conversion is of great significance for the sustainable development of the environment and energy but is challenging. Herein, we exquisitely constructed the self-supported bimetallic array superstructures from the Cu(OH) array architecture precursor, which can enable high-performance coupling electrosynthesis of formate and adipate at the anode and the cathode, respectively. Concretely, the faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of CO-to-formate and cyclohexanone-to-adipate conversion simultaneously exceed 90% at both electrodes with excellent stabilities.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Methyl Sulfides with Aryl Bromides.

A nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl methyl sulfides with aryl bromides has been developed to access biaryls in yields of up to 86%. The reactions proceeded well using Ni(COD) as catalyst with the ligand BINAP (2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthalene) in the presence of magnesium. The method has a broad scope of substrates and is scalable.

Dearomatization Silylation of Benzofurans and Furopyridines via Silyl Radical Addition and Endocyclic C-O Bond Scission.

Direct introduction of silyl radicals to forge C-Si bonds is of central importance in organic synthesis, owing to the formidable potential of silyl groups as coupling partners for further derivatization reactions to achieve more valuable compounds. Cleavage of heteroaromatic endocyclic carbon-heteroatom bonds to assemble C-Si bonds is scarce. Here, we demonstrate a dearomatization silylation of benzofurans and furopyridines via silyl radical addition and C(2)-O bond scission under metal-catalyst-free and mild conditions.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts.

A palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl dimethylsulfonium salts using cheap, nontoxic, and bench-stable K[Fe(CN)]·3HO as the cyanating reagent has been developed. The reactions proceeded well under base-free conditions with various sulfonium salts and provided aryl nitrile with yields of up to 92%. Aryl sulfides can be transformed to aryl nitriles directly via a one-pot process, and the protocol is scalable.

Si Doping-Induced Electronic Structure Regulation of Single-Atom Fe Sites for Boosted CO Electroreduction at Low Overpotentials.

Transition metal-based single-atom catalysts (TM-SACs) are promising alternatives to Au- and Ag-based electrocatalysts for CO production through CO reduction reaction. However, developing TM-SACs with high activity and selectivity at low overpotentials is challenging. Herein, a novel Fe-based SAC with Si doping (Fe-N-C-Si) was prepared, which shows a record-high electrocatalytic performance toward the CO-to-CO conversion with exceptional current density (>350.

Rotating Bending Fatigue Behaviors of C17200 Beryllium Copper Alloy at High Temperatures.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fatigue properties of C17200 alloy under the condition of quenching aging heat treatment at high temperatures, and to provide a design reference for its application in a certain temperature range. For this purpose, the tensile and rotary bending fatigue (RBF) tests were carried out at different temperatures (25 °C, 150 °C, 350 °C, and 450 °C). The tensile strength was obtained, and relationships between the applied bending stress levels and the number of fatigue fracture cycles were fitted to the stress-life (S-N) curves, and the related equations were determined.

Stepwise assembly and reversible structural transformation of ligated titanium coated bismuth-oxo cores: shell morphology engineering for enhanced chemical fixation of CO.

Herein, we report the stepwise assembly and reversible transformation of atomically precise ligated titanium coated bismuth-oxide core nanostructures. The soluble and stable BiO@Ti-oxo clusters with weakly coordinated surface salicylate ligands were first prepared as precursors. Owing to the high surface reactivity of the BiO inner core, its shell composition and morphology could be systemically modified by assembly with various Ti ions and auxiliary ligands (L), especially those with different flexibility, bridging ability and steric hindrance.

Divergent Paths, Same Goal: A Pair-Electrosynthesis Tactic for Cost-Efficient and Exclusive Formate Production by Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived 2D Electrocatalysts.

Electrosynthesis of formic acid/formate is a promising alternative protocol to industrial processes. Herein, a pioneering pair-electrosynthesis tactic is reported for exclusively producing formate via coupling selectively electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and CO reduction reaction (CO RR), in which the electrode derived from Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) nanosheet arrays (Ni-NF-Af), as well as the Bi-MOF-derived ultrathin bismuthenes (Bi-enes), both obtained through an in situ electrochemical conversion process, are used as efficient anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts, respectively, achieving concurrent yielding of the same high-value product at both electrodes with greatly reduced energy input. The as-prepared Ni-NF-Af only needs quite low potentials to reach large current densities (e.

Hydrangea-like Superstructured Micro/Nanoreactor of Topotactically Converted Ultrathin Bismuth Nanosheets for Highly Active CO Electroreduction to Formate.

An electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) is an appealing route to obtain the value-added feedstocks and alleviate the energy crisis. However, how to achieve high-performance electrocatalysts for CO reduction to formate is challenging owing to the poor intrinsic activity, insufficient conductivity, and low surface density of active sites. Herein, we fabricated an extremely active and selective hydrangea-like superstructured micro/nanoreactor of ultrathin bismuth nanosheets through an electrochemical topotactic transformation of hierarchical bismuth oxide formate (BiOCOOH).

Metal-Organic Layers Leading to Atomically Thin Bismuthene for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Liquid Fuel.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to valuable fuels is appealing for CO fixation and energy storage. However, the development of electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity in a wide potential window is challenging. Herein, atomically thin bismuthene (Bi-ene) is pioneeringly obtained by an in situ electrochemical transformation from ultrathin bismuth-based metal-organic layers.

Ligand-assisted capping growth of self-supporting ultrathin FeNi-LDH nanosheet arrays with atomically dispersed chromium atoms for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation.

Self-supporting ultrathin FeNi-layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays with atomically dispersed Cr atoms were firstly fabricated from stainless steel mesh by a facile ligand-assisted capping growth approach. Their unique nanostructure and a strong synergetic effect between the atomically dispersed Cr dopants and the active sites afford an exceptional OER activity.

Inlaying Ultrathin Bimetallic MOF Nanosheets into 3D Ordered Macroporous Hydroxide for Superior Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution.

Controllable synthesis of ultrathin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets and rational design of their nano/microstructures in favor of electrochemical catalysis is critical for their renewable energy applications. Herein, an in situ growth method is proposed to prepare the ultrathin NiFe MOF nanosheets with a thickness of 1.5 nm, which are vertically inlaid into a 3D ordered macroporous structure of NiFe hydroxide.

Deposition Process and Properties of Electroless Ni-P-AlO Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy.

To improve the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coating on magnesium (Mg) alloy. Ni-P-AlO coatings were produced on Mg alloy from a composite plating bath. The optimum AlO concentration was determined by the properties of plating bath and coatings.

Multi-objective optimization for sensor placement against suddenly released contaminant in air duct system.

When a chemical or biological agent is suddenly released into a ventilation system, its dispersion needs to be promptly and accurately detected. In this work, an optimization method for sensors layout in air ductwork was presented. Three optimal objectives were defined, i.

Engineering graphene with red phosphorus quantum dots for superior hybrid anodes of sodium-ion batteries.

Red phosphorus (P) has been considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its highest theoretical capacity (∼2600 mA h g). For the first time, we report a reliable hydrothermal method for the preparation of red phosphorus quantum dots (RPQDs) with commercial red P as a source. Moreover, an effective strategy was designed to fabricate RPQDs/rGO nanohybrids for addressing the intrinsic issues of red P as anode materials for SIBs.

[Design of ECG Signal Acquisition Terminal Based on ADS1298R].

The home health monitoring of the ECG signal acquisition and display terminal is designed with MSP430F6659 and ADS1298R chip of TI company. The basic principles of ECG col ection is introduced in the beginning, and then the overal scheme of the system is described by MSP430F6659 and ADS1298R chip as the core, and the modules peripheral interface, real-time display in LCD, data storage and USB are introduced. The ECG signal acquisition terminal designed in this paper has the characteristics of smal size, low power consumption and so on.

Synthesis of fluorinated carbazoles via C-H arylation catalyzed by Pd/Cu bimetal system and their antibacterial activities.

An effective intramolecular C-H arylation reaction catalyzed by a bimetallic catalytic system Pd(OAc)2/CuI for the synthesis of fluorine-substituted carbazoles from corresponding N-phenyl-2-haloaniline derivatives under ligand free conditions is demonstrated. The established method is effective for both N-phenyl-2-bromoaniline and N-phenyl-2-chloroaniline, and requires the low loading of Pd(OAc)2 (0.5 mol%).

Synthesis and photophysical studies of self-assembled multicomponent supramolecular coordination prisms bearing porphyrin faces.

Multicomponent self-assembly, wherein two unique donor precursors are combined with a single metal acceptor instead of the more common two-component assembly, can be achieved by selecting Lewis-basic sites and metal nodes that select for heteroligated coordination spheres. Platinum(II) ions show a thermodynamic preference for mixed pyridyl/carboxylate coordination environments and are thus suitable for such designs. The use of three or more unique building blocks increases the structural complexity of supramolecules.