Characterization of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody with High Affinity and Specificity against Aflatoxins: A Discovery from Rosetta Antibody-Ligand Computational Simulation.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB) accumulates in crops, where it poses a threat to human health. To detect AFB, anti-AFB monoclonal antibodies have been developed and are widely used. While the sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies have been extensively studied, information regarding the atomic-level docking of AFB (and its derivatives) with these antibodies is limited.

Antibacterial Mechanism of d-Cysteine/Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Potential for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.

Bacterial infection has always posed a severe threat to public health. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and hold immense potential in biomedical applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is currently unsatisfactory.

Recent design strategies and applications of organic fluorescent probes for food freshness detection.

Food spoilage poses a significant risk to human health, making the assessment of food freshness essential for ensuring food safety and quality. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in the development of fast detection technologies for food freshness. Among them, organic fluorescent probes have garnered significant attention in the field of food safety and sensing due to their easy functionalization, high sensitivity, and user-friendly nature.

Arsenic Contents, Speciation and Toxicity in Germinated Rice Alleviated by Selenium.

Rice can accumulate more organic and inorganic arsenic (iAs) than other crop plants. In this study, the localization of As in rice grains was investigated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) based on 26 rice varieties collected from two provinces. In all the samples, the total As contents in polished rice were 0.

Selective removal of Pb(II) from yellow rice wine using magnetic carbon-based adsorbent.

Background: The non-distilled property and prolonged production period of yellow rice wine have significantly increased the metal residue problem, posing a threat to human health. In this study, a magnetic carbon-based adsorbent, named magnetic nitrogen-doped carbon (M-NC), was developed for the selective removal of lead(II) (Pb(II)) from yellow rice wine.

Results: The results showed that the uniformly structured M-NC could be easily separated from the solution, exhibiting a high Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 121.

Development and application of lateral flow strip with three test lines for detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat.

Lateral flow strip was widely used and their qualitative and quantitative performance was in continuous improvement. However, the traditional strip was in a single-test-line format, which restricted operators to making a semi-quantitative judgment around a desired threshold concentration. Herein, a single strip with three test lines (TTLS) was developed for the semi-quantitative and quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol (DON).

Degradation of deoxynivalenol in wheat by double dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma: identification and pathway of degradation products.

Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) produced during the onset of fusarium head blight not only affects the quality and safety of wheat but also causes serious harm to human and livestock health. However, due to the high stability of DON, it is difficult to eliminate it or reduce it naturally after it has been produced. Cold plasma technology is a non-thermophysical processing technology that has been widely used for microbial inactivation and mycotoxin degradation.

Degradation of carbendazim in aqueous solution by dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma: Identification and toxicity of degradation products.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma, as a new nonthermal technology, has attracted increasing attention in pesticide degradation. In this study, DBD plasma was used to degrade carbendazim (MBC) in aqueous solution. Under the optimal conditions (160 kv, 50 Hz), MBC solution (0.

Effects of food components and processing parameters on plant-based meat texture formation and evaluation methods.

Meat is the main source of protein nutrition for humans. However, given the increasing population and environmental pressure, a shortage of meat is expected in the future. The preparation of plant-based (meat) products using existing processing methods represents a breakthrough to solve the shortage of traditional animal meat in the future, and texture is a key issue determining whether plant-based (meat) products can replace traditional animal meat.

Modification of soy protein isolate using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma assisted by modified atmosphere packaging.

In this study, soy protein isolate (SPI) was treated by modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) assisted dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma (CP) to improve its functional properties. For this reason, SPI powders were treated with DBD-CP at the oxygen ratio of 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 % and 60 %, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of oxygen content, the structure of SPI was destroyed, protein macromolecule depolymerized.

De novo assisted AFB1-Specific monoclonal antibody sequence assembly and comprehensive molecular characterization.

Despite their widely used and access as biological reagents in analytical methods, the detailed structural features for most of the antibodies were rarely known. Here, a new antibody for AFB1 with high specificity in constructing ELISA was studied in detail. The molecular structure and modification were elucidated mainly by nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

SLC25A39 is necessary for mitochondrial glutathione import in mammalian cells.

Glutathione (GSH) is a small-molecule thiol that is abundant in all eukaryotes and has key roles in oxidative metabolism. Mitochondria, as the major site of oxidative reactions, must maintain sufficient levels of GSH to perform protective and biosynthetic functions. GSH is synthesized exclusively in the cytosol, yet the molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial GSH import remains unknown.

Grain quality evaluation of rice effected by cultivars, environment, and their interactions based on appearance and processing characteristics.

Appearance and processing characteristics of 45 rice samples, collected from different regions in Jiangsu province, were investigated and evaluated in this study. Specifically, the chalkiness degree had been presented significant differences among different cultivars and regions. The average chalkiness degree varied from 6.

Analysis of multiple mycotoxins-contaminated wheat by a smart analysis platform.

This study describes a smart analysis platform capable of quantitative measurements using a multiplex lateral flow strip. Using the multi-mycotoxin strip, five fungal toxins were simultaneously and quantitatively detected in naturally contaminated wheat. First, a matrix-based standard curve was established for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), T-2, deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN).

Fate of FeO@NH in soil and their fixation effect to reduce lead translocation in two rice cultivars.

The fate of nanoparticles in the ecological chain of agriculture has been concerned as their potential pollution and biological effect to humans with rapid development and massive emission of nanomaterials. Here, we found that two rice cultivars () have different heavy metal accumulation results in the roots and shoots after 15 days growth. Two rice cultivars (), grown in soil containing magnetite (FeO@NH) nanoparticles and heavy metal simultaneous, showed less Pb uptake in the roots and shoots, compared with that without FeO@NH added.

Gold nanostars-enhanced Raman fingerprint strip for rapid detection of trace tetracycline in water samples.

Rapid and accurate detection of antibiotics at trace levels in food represents a great challenge. Tetracycline (TC), as a sort of broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been extensively used in animal infection therapy and animal husbandry as growth promoters. Large amounts of TC residues in animal-derived foods affect food quality and safety, and cause undesirable side effects such as allergic reactions and bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2-G Signaling Complex.

Drugs selectively targeting CB2 hold promise for treating neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and pain while avoiding psychotropic side effects mediated by CB1. The mechanisms underlying CB2 activation and signaling are poorly understood but critical for drug design. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of the human CB2-G signaling complex bound to the agonist WIN 55,212-2.

Time-Domain NMR Applied to Motschulsky/Wheat Detection.

Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used for the characterization of wheat infested with . NMR parameters (, , , , and ) were achieved by biexponential analysis combined with a discrete method. Sound wheat, , and /wheat binary mixture are all explored by this method to find the changes in the process of the number increase and growth stage.

Rapeseed protein-derived peptides, LY, RALP, and GHS, modulates key enzymes and intermediate products of renin-angiotensin system pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Rapeseed proteins are a rich source of bioactive peptides. LY, RALP and GHS were previously identified from rapeseed protein hydrolysates as potent ACE and renin inhibiting peptides. In this study, the rapeseed peptides were individually evaluated for their molecular mechanisms and regulatory effects on components of the renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), including the mRNA and/or protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, ACE2, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) in myocardial tissues.

Development and optimization of an immunoassay for the detection of Hg(II) in lake water.

In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) has been developed and optimized to detect Hg(II) in tap water and lake water based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb-A24). Some stabilizing additives (Gelatin, bovine serum albumin [BSA], polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], and polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) and surfactant (Tween-20) have been investigated thoroughly in the optimization process. Under the optimal condition, the 50% half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) and limit of detection (LOD) were 1.

Determination of soybean routine quality parameters using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Large differences in quality existed between soybean samples. In order to rapidly detect soybean quality between samples from different areas, we have developed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) models for the moisture, crude fat, and protein content of soybeans, based on 360 soybean samples collected from different areas. Compared with whole kernels, soybean powder with particle sizes of 60 mesh was more suitable for modeling of moisture, crude fat, and protein content.

Multi-Functional Diarylurea Small Molecule Inhibitors of TRPV1 with Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a heat-sensitive calcium channel protein, contributes to inflammation as well as to acute and persistent pain. Since TRPV1 occupies a central position in pathways of neuronal inflammatory signaling, it represents a highly attractive potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation. In the present work, we have in silico identified a series of diarylurea analogues for hTRPV1, of which 11 compounds showed activity in the nanomolar to micromolar range as validated by in vitro biological assays.

Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay for the simultaneous detection of five chemicals in drinking water.

In this paper, we describe the development of a multicomponent lateral-flow assay based on an antibody-antigen reaction for the rapid and simultaneous detection of trace contaminants in water, including a heavy metal, algal toxin, antibiotic, hormone, and pesticide. The representative analytes chosen for the study were lead (Pb(II), microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), chloramphenicol (CAP), testosterone (T), and chlorothalonil (CTN). Five different antigens were immobilized separately in five test lines on a nitrocellulose membrane.