Characterization of PRDM9 Multifunctionality in Yak Testes Through Protein Interaction Mapping.

Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks during spermatogenesis. PRDM9 determines the localization of recombination hotspots by interacting with several protein complexes in mammals. The function of PRDM9 is not well understood during spermatogenesis in mice or yaks.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics of blood, urine and ovarian follicular fluid of yak at induced estrus stage.

To gain a deeper understanding of the metabolic differences within and outside the body, as well as changes in transcription levels following estrus in yaks, we conducted transcriptome and metabolome analyses on female yaks in both estrus and non-estrus states. The metabolome analysis identified 114, 13, and 91 distinct metabolites in urine, blood, and follicular fluid, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis highlighted an enrichment of pathways related to amino acid and lipid metabolism across all three body fluids.

Circular RNA mapping reveals CircCWC22 as a MiR-3059-x sponge in yak fat deposition by regulating HMGCL.

The regulatory mechanisms and functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in yak intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate yak circRNAs with high and low IMF content using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 270 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, of which 129 were upregulated and 141 were downregulated.

IMF deposition ceRNA network analysis and functional study of HIF1a in yak.

The concentration of intramuscular fat (IMF) is a crucial determinant of yak meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate IMF in yak remain largely elusive. In our study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing on the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of yaks with varying IMF contents.

Transcriptomic analysis of yak muscle identifies genes associated with tenderness.

Meat tenderness is an important sensory index when consumers choose meat products, which determines the value of meat products and consumers' buying intentions. Yak meat is rich in nutrition and unique in flavor, which is favored by consumers. However, its meat has the deficiencies of low tenderness and poor taste, which has a negative impact on the value of its meat products and customer satisfaction.

Epigenomics Analysis of the Suppression Role of via H3K9 Deacetylation in Preadipocyte Differentiation.

Sirtuin 1 () overexpression significantly inhibits lipid deposition during yak intramuscular preadipocyte (YIMA) differentiation; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the role of in YIMA differentiation using lentivirus-mediated downregulation technology and conducted mRNA-seq and ChIP-seq assays using H3K9ac antibodies after overexpression in order to reveal targets during YIMA adipogenesis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed in order to identify the functional annotation of common genes.

The Effects of Postpartum Yak Metabolism on Reproductive System Recovery.

The goal of this study was to determine the metabolism of multiparous female yaks during the late perinatal period and identify its effects on reproductive recovery in order to explain the low reproduction rate of yaks. Eight multiparous female yaks were randomly selected as the sample, and serum was collected from the yaks every 7 days from the day of delivery until 28 days after the delivery (five time points). The presence of serum metabolic profiles and reproductive hormones was identified using ELISA.

The relationship between MUC19 copy number variation and growth traits of Chinese cattle.

Copy number variation (CNV), as one of the important variations in the biological genome, refers to the deletion and duplication of genomic segments between 1 kb and 50 kb caused by genomic rearrangements. Currently, many copy number variations have been found to be significantly associated with important economic traits such as growth, development and reproduction of cattle. However, the study of MUC19 gene has not been reported.

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle.

Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field.

Proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells is promoted by prostaglandin E-PTGER2 signaling through cell cycle regulation.

It is known that prostaglandin E (PGE) induces proliferation of epithelia in bovine endometrial explants, however, the detailed mechanism of regulation of PGE in inducing bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) proliferation is unclear. In this study, we determined whether proliferation of bEECs is promoted by PGE-prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) signaling activation through cell cycle regulation. The results demonstrated that bEECs proliferation was induced by treatment of PGE and PTGER2 agonist butaprost.

Lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine endometrium explants through toll‑like receptor 4 signaling and PGE synthesis.

Bovine endometrium infection with gram-negative bacteria commonly causes uterine diseases. Previous studies indicate that prostaglandin E (PGE) is an inflammatory mediator in bacterial endometritis. However, the mechanism underlying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response regulation in bovine endometrial explants remains elusive.

17β-estradiol regulates prostaglandin E and F synthesis and function in endometrial explants of cattle.

Prostaglandins (PG) have primary functions in the reproductive tract, however, the mechanism of regulation of PG secretion in the endometrium is unclear. Estrogen as a predominant regulator of uterine functions during the mammalian estrous cycle and effects of estrogen on synthesis of PG and function in uterine tissues of cattle are not fully understood. In this study, there was evaluation of the concentration- and time-effects of 17β-estradiol on PG synthesis in endometrial explants of cattle, focusing on the secretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) and prostaglandin F (PGF) as well as relative abundance of mRNA transcript and protein for both the enzymes responsible for PGE and PGF synthesis, including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 and 2 (PTGS1, PTGS2), PGE synthase (PGES), PGF synthase (PGFS), and carbonyl reductase (CBR1), and the receptors responsible for downstream PGE (PTGER2, PTGER4) and PGF (PTGFR) signaling.

Prostaglandin F-PTGFR signaling promotes proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells of cattle through cell cycle regulation.

There is production of prostaglandin F (PGF) and there is PGF receptor (PTGFR) mRNA transcript in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. The aims of the present study were to (1) determine whether PGF-PTGFR signaling modulates the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells and (2) increase knowledge of PGF-PTGFR signaling on the physiological and pharmacological processes in the endometrium of cattle. Amount of cellular proliferation was determined using real-time cell analysis and cell proliferation reagent WST-1 procedures.

LP induced/mediated PGE synthesis through activation of the ERK/NF-κB pathway contributes to inflammatory damage triggered by Escherichia coli-infection in bovine endometrial tissue.

The bovine endometrium is constantly challenged with pathogenic bacteria, especially with Escherichia coli. In previous studies, we showed that prostaglandin E (PGE) synthesis was increased in E. coli-infected bovine endometrial tissue, which promoted the development of inflammatory damage.

Regulatory roles of PGE in LPS-induced tissue damage in bovine endometrial explants.

Bovine endometritis is the most common uterine disease following parturition. The role of prostaglandin E (PGE) in regulating normal physiological function in the bovine endometrium has been clearly established. Although PGE accumulation is observed in multiple inflammatory diseases, such as endometritis, its association with pathogen-induced inflammatory damage in the endometrium is unclear.

PTGFR activation promotes the expression of PTGS-2 and growth factors via activation of the PKC signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.

The endometrium of domestic animals has a remarkable capacity to self-repair. Prostaglandin F (PGF) is one of the major prostaglandins secreted from the endometrium. The role of PGF in endometrial repair, however, is still unknown.

PGE downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses via the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.

Postpartum bacterial infections of the uterus cause endometritis in dairy cows. Inflammatory responses to bacterial infections in the bovine uterus were generated through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli. Among these PRRs, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is primarily responsible for LPS recognition, which triggers inflammatory responses via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB signaling activation, resulting in the expression of inflammatory mediators in mammals such as IL-8 and IL-6.

PTGER2 activation induces PTGS-2 and growth factor gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle.

The prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) is present in the endometrium and its gene expression is accompanied with endometrial growth, however, it is unknown whether there is endometrial repair through stimulation of growth factor gene expression that is promoted by PTGER2 activation in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PTGER2 activation can induce prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS-2) and growth factor gene expression by activating PKA and ERK signaling pathways in endometrial epithelial cells of cattle. Results demonstrated that the PTGER2 agonist, butaprost, induced cAMP/PKA and ERK activation and up-regulated PTGS-2, VEGF, CTGF, TGF-β1 and IL-8 gene expression.

The effect of prostaglandin E receptor (PTGER2) activation on growth factor expression and cell proliferation in bovine endometrial explants.

The domestic animal endometrium undergoes regular periods of regeneration and degeneration during cycles of oestrus and dioestrus. If blastocyst implantation occurs in the uterus, the endometrium will prepare for pregnancy by changing its pattern of development to build a connection with the embryo to nourish it. Prostaglandin E (PGE) secretion synchronized with endometrial growth in these processes and could be involved in endometrial growth.

Prostaglandin F-PTGFR signalling activation, growth factor expression and cell proliferation in bovine endometrial explants.

The endometrium of domestic animals undergoes regular periods of regeneration and degeneration and exhibits a remarkable capacity for self-repair during the oestrous cycle. The endometrial growth pattern is also observed during in the implantation period and early pregnancy, but the mechanism underlying endometrial growth in these processes remains unclear. A positive correlation between endometrial growth in these processes and prostaglandin (PG) F secretion has been reported, but the roles that PGF plays in endometrial growth is less studied.