Selective Immune Modulating Activities of and Its Components; A Possibility of Therapeutics on Skin Rash Induced by EGFR Inhibitors.

var. (Kom.) Ohwi is a traditional herbal medicine used in East Asia to treat hypertension, skeletal muscle disorders, and cancer.

Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages and Ameliorates Nanoparticle-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice.

The activation of NLRP3 results in the assembly of inflammasome that regulates caspase-1 activation and the subsequent secretion of bioactive interleukin (IL)-1β. Excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is mechanistically linked to diverse pathophysiological conditions, including airway inflammation. Here, we discovered that can suppress caspase-1 activation and processing of pro-IL-1β into mature cytokine in macrophages stimulated with NLRP3 inflammasome activators, such as SiO or TiO nanoparticles.

Glycopentanolones A-D, four new geranylated quinolone alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla.

The ethanolic extract obtained from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla was found to suppress antigen-mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Four new geranylated 2-quinolone alkaloids, named glycopentanolones A-D (1-4), and 12 known metabolites (5-16) were isolated from the ethanolic extract from the stems of G. pentaphylla using bioassay-guided fractionation.

Salvia plebeia Extract Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase Activity In Vitro and Reduces Serum Uric Acid in an Animal Model of Hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia is a clinical condition characterized by an elevated level of serum uric acid and is a key risk factor for the development of gout and metabolic disorders. The existing urate-lowering therapies are often impractical for certain patient populations, providing a rationale to explore new agents with improved safety and efficacy. Here, we discovered that extract inhibited the enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase, which is a key enzyme generating uric acid in the liver.

Isolation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory metabolite from the marine-derived fungus Cosmospora sp. SF-5060.

In the course of bioassay-guided study on the EtOAc extract of a culture broth of the marine-derived fungus Cosmospora sp. SF-5060, aquastatin A (1) was isolated as a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory component produced by the fungus. The compound was isolated by various chromatographic methods, and the structure was determined mainly by analysis of NMR spectroscopic data.

PTP1B inhibitory effects of tridepside and related metabolites isolated from the Antarctic lichen Umbilicaria antarctica.

The selective inhibition of PTP1B has been widely recognized as a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In the course of screening for PTP1B inhibitory natural products, the MeOH extract of the dried sample of the Antarctic lichen Umbilicaria antarctica was found to exhibit significant inhibitory effect, and the bioassay-guided fractionation and purification afforded three related lichen metabolites 1-3. Compounds 1-3 were identified as gyrophoric acid (1), lecanoric acid (2), and methyl orsellinate (3) mainly by analysis of NMR and MS data.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effects of depsidone and pseudodepsidone metabolites from the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum.

Seven phenolic lichen metabolites (1-7) have been isolated from a methanol extract of the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum by various chromatographic methods. The structures of these compounds were determined mainly by analysis of NMR spectroscopic data. A depsidone-type compound, lobaric acid (1) and two pseudodepsidone-type compounds, 2 and 3, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC(50) values of 0.

Usimines A-C, bioactive usnic acid derivatives from the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum.

Usimines A-C ( 1- 3), three new usnic acid derivatives, have been isolated from a MeOH extract of the Antarctic lichen Stereocaulon alpinum by various chromatographic methods. The structures of 1- 3 were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data (NMR, UV, MS) and by chemical methods. The known compound usnic acid ( 4) was also obtained.

Ohioensins F and G: protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory benzonaphthoxanthenones from the Antarctic moss Polytrichastrum alpinum.

Ohioensins F and G (1 and 2), two new benzonaphthoxanthenones, have been isolated from the MeOH extract of Antarctic moss Polytrichastrum alpinum by various chromatographic methods. The structures of these compounds were determined mainly by analysis of NMR spectroscopic data. The known compounds ohioensins A and C (3 and 4) were also obtained.