[Discussion on reference sample research of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations developed from catalogued ancient classical prescriptions].

The concept of reference sample was put forward in the Guidance on CMC of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Preparations Developed from Catalogued Ancient Classical Prescriptions(Interim). The research on reference sample is a key link in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound prescriptions from catalogued ancient classical prescriptions(known as Category 3.1 TCM).

Direct ink writing 3D-printed optical waveguides for multi-layer interconnect.

Low-cost, short-range optical interconnect technology plays an indispensable role in high-speed board-level data communications. In general, 3D printing technology can easily and quickly produce optical components with free-form shapes, while the traditional manufacturing process is complicated and time-consuming. Here, we present a direct ink writing 3D-printing technology to fabricate optical waveguides for optical interconnects.

Antimony and naphthalene can be simultaneously leached from a combined contaminated soil using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as a biodegradable eluant.

In this study, we have investigated the removal efficiency of antimony (Sb) and naphthalene (Nap) from a combined contaminated soil by carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) leaching and reveal its remediation mechanisms by FTIR and H NMR analyses. The results show that the highest removal efficiencies of Sb and Nap were 94.82% and 93.

Combined impacts of algae-induced variations in water soluble organic matter and heavy metals on bacterial community structure in sediment from Chaohu Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake.

Many lakes are suffering from eutrophication and heavy metals-contamination. However, the combined impacts of algae bloom and its induced variations in heavy metals on microbial community in sediment from eutrophic lakes remain unclear. In this study, we performed field experiments to investigate how algae bloom impacted water soluble organic matter (WSOM) and heavy metals in sediment from Chaohu Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake, and probed their combined impacts on sediment bacterial community structure.

Cinnamaldehyde microcapsules enhance bioavailability and regulate intestinal flora in mice.

The effects of cinnamaldehyde microcapsules on the concentration of cinnamaldehyde and its metabolites in plasma, urine, and feces, the antioxidant capacity, and the intestinal flora in male C57/BL6 mice were evaluated by oral administration for 7 weeks. Microencapsulation significantly increased the contents of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, and methyl cinnamate in plasma and decreased those in urine and feces excretion ( < 0.05).

SOX11-dependent CATSPER1 expression controls colon cancer cell growth through regulation the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a hallmark of colon tumor growth. CATSPER1 gene encodes a pore-forming and pH-sensing subunit of the CatSper Ca-permeable channel, a sperm-specific calcium channel essential for hyperactivated motility and male fertility.

Discovery of a Nur77-mediated cytoplasmic vacuolation and paraptosis inducer (4-PQBH) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor, has antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its antitumor mechanisms of action in HCC are complicated and rarely reported. Our recent work demonstrated that certain quinoline-Schiff-base derivatives were good Nur77 mediators that exerted excellent anti-HCC activities in vitro and in vivo.

Citrus Naringenin Increases Neuron Survival in Optic Nerve Crush Injury Model by Inhibiting JNK-JUN Pathway.

Traumatic nerve injury activates cell stress pathways, resulting in neuronal death and loss of vital neural functions. To date, there are no available neuroprotectants for the treatment of traumatic neural injuries. Here, we studied three important flavanones of citrus components, in vitro and in vivo, to reveal their roles in inhibiting the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase)-JUN pathway and their neuroprotective effects in the optic nerve crush injury model, a kind of traumatic nerve injury in the central nervous system.

Secondary bloodstream infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Objective: Secondary infection, especially bloodstream infection, is an important cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We aimed to describe secondary bloodstream infection (SBI) in critically ill adults with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to explore risk factors related to SBI.

Methods: We reviewed all SBI cases among critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 12 February 2020 to 24 March 2020 in the COVID-19 ICU of Jingmen First People's Hospital.

[Formulation of technical guidelines in line with characteristics and principles of traditional Chinese medicine changes to improve quality of such preparations--interpretation of Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines].

In leading the high-quality development of Chinese medicine preparations, it is an important link to formulate the scientific, reasonable, and feasible guidelines for the change of Chinese medicines in accordance with the change characteristics and principles of the Chinese medicines is an important work to promote the Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines was formed by a broad consensus based on the characteristics and research results of the pharmaceutical changes in Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM)with the principles of science and risk management. This guideline has clarified the basic principles and requirements for the evaluation of changes in TCM, specified the research and verification work of common change scenarios, defined the boundaries of changes in TCM, and proposed to encourage the use of new technologies, new methods, and new excipients that meet product characteristics. It will definitely promote the quality improvement and the secondary development of TCM.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Study From Hubei, China.

The data on long-term outcomes of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in China are merely available. A retrospective study included 73 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and treated with ECMO in 21 intensive care units in Hubei, China. Data on demographic information, clinical features, laboratory tests, ECMO durations, complications, and living status were collected.

Dynamic variations of dissolved organic matter from treated wastewater effluent in the receiving water: Photo- and bio-degradation kinetics and its environmental implications.

Dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is bound to encounter photo- and bio-degradation as discharged into the receiving water body. However, the comprehensive variations of dEfOM by photo- and bio-degradation are not well unveiled because of its compositional heterogeneity. In this work, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis were used to investigate the changes in bulk dEfOM and its fluorescent components during photo- and bio-degradation processes in the receiving water body.

Cumulative oxygen deficit is a novel predictor for the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress.

Background And Objectives: The timing of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is controversial in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory hypoxemia. The study aimed to develop a novel predictor called cumulative oxygen deficit (COD) for the risk stratification.

Methods: The study was conducted in four designated hospitals for treating COVID-19 patients in Jingmen, Wuhan, from January to March 2020.

Linkage between water soluble organic matter and bacterial community in sediment from a shallow, eutrophic lake, Lake Chaohu, China.

Lacustrine sediment played important roles in migration and transformation of its water soluble organic matter (WSOM), and the source and composition of WSOM would affect water trophic status and the fate of pollutants. However, we know little about the pathway of WSOM transformation and its driving bacterial communities in lacustrine sediment. In the present study, we investigated the spatial distribution patterns of sediment WSOM and its fluorescent fractions across Lake Chaohu using fluorescence spectroscopy, and explored WSOM compositional structure through our proposed calculated ratios.

Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data.

Lung mechanics during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for both prognostic and therapeutic implications; however, the full trajectory lung mechanics has never been described for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring IMV. The study aimed to describe the full trajectory of lung mechanics of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. The clinical and ventilator setting that can influence patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) and compliance were explored.

Ultra-compact high efficiency and low crosstalk optical interconnection structures based on inverse designed nanophotonic elements.

In this paper, we combine inverse design concept and direct binary search algorithm to demonstrate three ultra-compact high efficiency and low crosstalk on-chip integrated optical interconnection basic devices in the entire wavelength range of 1,400-1600 nm based on silicon-on-insulator platform. A 90-degree waveguide bend with a footprint of only 2.4 × 2.

Combined toxicity of microplastics and cadmium on the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio).

The effects of microplastics (MPs) on organisms have drawn a worldwide attention in the recent years. In this study, zebrafish embryos were employed to assess the combined effects of MPs and cadmium (Cd) on the aquatic organisms. Lethal and sublethal effects were recorded at 8, 24, 32, 48 and 96 hpe (hour post exposure, hpe).

Developmental toxicity and transcriptome analysis of 4-epianhydrotetracycline to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

As a primary degradation by-product of tetracycline (TC), 4-Epianhydrotetracycline (4-EATC) has been detected frequently in the aquatic environment, which may pose a potential environmental risk to aquatic organisms. Up to now, however, the toxicology study on 4-EATC to aquatic organisms is limited. In the present study, in order to better understand the toxic mechanism of 4-EATC, developmental toxicity including lethal and sublethal effects of 4-EATC and TC were investigated.

Impacts of different biochar types on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

In this study, the effect of nine types of biochar generated from three different feedstocks on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge was investigated. The obtained results indicated that methane production could be significantly enhanced by all types of biochar used in the test. The maximum cumulative methane yield of 218.

β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Dlg5 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation.

Background: Discs large homolog 5 (Dlg5) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) adaptor family of proteins and its deregulation has been implicated in the malignancy of several cancer types. Dlg5 was down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lower Dlg5 expression was associated with poor survival of HCC patients. However, how to regulate Dlg5 remains largely unknown.

GCC Consolidated Feedback to ICH on the 2019 ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline.

The 13 GCC Closed Forum for Bioanalysis was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA on April 5, 2019. This GCC meeting was organized to discuss the contents of the 2019 ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline published in February 2019 and consolidate the feedback of the GCC members. In attendance were 63 senior-level participants from eight countries representing 44 bioanalytical CRO companies/sites.

Dexmedetomidine alleviated lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist, is widely used as sedative in clinical. Its potential anti-inflammatory properties have been found in recent studies. The current study has investigated the profound effects of DEX on acute liver injury in mice.

Effect of manganese oxide-modified biochar addition on methane production and heavy metal speciation during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge.

Low organic matter content and high heavy metal levels severely inhibit the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. In this study, the effect of added manganese oxide-modified biochar composite (MBC) on methane production and heavy metal fractionation during sewage sludge AD was examined. The MBC could increase the buffering capacity, enhance the methane production and degradation of intermediate acids, buffer the pH of the culture, and stabilize the sewage sludge AD process.

Variations of DOM quantity and compositions along WWTPs-river-lake continuum: Implications for watershed environmental management.

Wastewater effluent makes up an increasingly large percentage of surface water supplies, but the impacts of discharge of effluent organic matter (EfOM) on receiving riverine and lacustrine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated variations of DOM quantity and quality along wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)-river-lake continuum during drought periods, and made a tentative discussion on its implications for watershed environmental management. We used dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, UV absorption coefficients and excitation-emission-matrixs (EEMs) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) to characterize EfOM and riverine and lacustrine DOM along WWTPs-river-Chaohu Lake continuum.