Nanoscale Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks Deliver siRNA for Alleviating Early Pulmonary Fibrosis in Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) has high mortality and still lacks novel and efficient therapies. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and 2 (ZEB1/2) are highly expressed in the early stage of ALI and are positively correlated with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we developed a nanoscale Zr(IV)-based porphyrin metal-organic (ZPM) framework to deliver small interfering ZEB1/2 (siZEB1/2) to alleviate early pulmonary fibrosis during ALI.

m6A RNA Methylation Regulators Contribute to Predict and as a Therapy Target of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is difficult to treat. Early diagnosis and finding potential drug therapy targets of pulmonary fibrosis are particularly important. There were still various problems with existing pulmonary fibrosis markers, so it is particularly important to find new biomarkers and drug treatment targets.

Intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory peptide-loaded glycol chitosan/fucoidan nanogels to inhibit inflammation and attenuate osteoarthritis progression.

Glycol chitosan/fucoidan nanogels loaded with anti-inflammatory peptide KAFAK (GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs) were fabricated based on the electrostatic interaction and genipin cross-linking methods. The prepared NGs had an average size of 286.3 ± 5.

The effects of the M2a macrophage-induced axonal regeneration of neurons by arginase 1.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenge worldwide, but there are no effective treatments or therapeutic methods in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that type I arginase (Arginase1, Arg1) is closely associated with the treatment of SCI. The classical treatment for SCI involves filling the local area of SCI with activated M2a macrophages to allow the repair and regeneration of some synapses, but the specific mechanism of action of Arg1 is not clear.

Bleomycin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via bFGF/PI3K/ESRP1 signaling in pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and chronic disease with a high rate of infection and mortality; however, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Studies have revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial cellular event in IPF. Here, we identified that the pulmonary fibrosis inducer bleomycin simultaneously increased the expression of bFGF and TGF-β1 and inhibited epithelial-specific regulatory protein (ESRP1) expression in vivo and in vitro.

Regional hypothermia attenuates secondary-injury caused by time-out application of tourniquets following limb fragments injury combined with hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Tourniquet is the most widely used and effective first-aid equipment for controlling hemorrhage of injured limb in battlefield. However, time-out application of tourniquets leads to ischemic-necrosis of skeletal muscles and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Regional hypothermia (RH) on wounded limb can relieve the injury on local tissue and distant organs.

Silk fibroin/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel with tunable biomechanical properties has application potential as cartilage scaffold.

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for cartilage repair and regeneration. However, an ideal scaffolding material that not only mimics the biomechanical properties of the native cartilage, but also supports the chondrogenic phenotype of the seeding cells is in need. In this study, we developed a silk fibroin (SF) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) composite hydrogel with enzymatic cross-links (horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide) and β-sheet cross-links (ethanol treatment).

Bleomycin-enhanced alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an important public health problem, and it has few treatment options given its poorly understood etiology; however, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pneumocytes has been implicated as a factor. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of lung fibrosis mediated by EMT, with a focus on the alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), using bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrotic and transgenic mouse models. We employed BLM-induced and surfactant protein C (SPC)-Cre and LacZ double transgenic mouse models.

Enzymatically crosslinked and mechanically tunable silk fibroin/pullulan hydrogels for mesenchymal stem cells delivery.

Hydrogels with good biocompatibility, proper degradation rates, and tissue-matched elasticity are widely used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. In this study, enzymatically crosslinked biocompatible hydrogels were successfully developed using silk fibroin (SF) and pullulan (PL) under physiological conditions in the presence of both horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. A series of properties of the hydrogels including gelation time, equilibrium swelling, enzyme degradation, morphology, rheological property, and compression modulus of SF/PL hydrogels were studied by varying the concentration of PL.