Demographic and clinical characteristics and risk factors of stereoacuity in convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To investigate characteristics and risk factors of poor stereoacuity of Convergence insufficiency-type Intermittent Exotropia (CI-type X(T)).

Design: Observational, cross-sectional study.

Methods: The medical records of 615 CI-type X(T) and 222 basic-type intermittent exotropia (X(T)) were enrolled from January 2018 to January 2022.

Apoptotic Vesicles Modulate Endothelial Metabolism and Ameliorate Ischemic Retinopathy via PD1/PDL1 Axis.

Pathological angiogenesis with subsequent disturbed microvascular remodeling is a major cause of irreversible blindness in a number of ischemic retinal diseases. The current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy can effectively inhibit angiogenesis, but it also brings significant side effects. The emergence of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles provides a new underlining strategy for ischemic retinopathy.

The efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease that brings not only serious burdens to patients and their families but also serious challenges to society. More research is needed to find better drugs to treat schizophrenia. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Evaluation of retinal vascularization in retinopathy of prematurity regressed after intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy or without treatment based on fluorescein angiography.

To investigate the fluorescein angiography (FA) findings and compare the extent of retinal vascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), recovered after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy and those regressed spontaneously. Infants with a history of ROP who underwent FA between April 2018 and November 2021 were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had received IVR (IVR group) or had ROP that regressed spontaneously without treatment (untreated group).

Microglial Galectin3 enhances endothelial metabolism and promotes pathological angiogenesis via Notch inhibition by competitively binding to Jag1.

Microglia were considered as immune cells in inflammation until their angiogenic role was widely understood. Although the pro-inflammatory role of microglia in retinal angiogenesis has been explored, little is known about its role in pro-angiogenesis and the microglia-endothelia interaction. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by activated microglia functions as a communicator between microglia and endothelia and competitively binds to Jag1, thus inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway and enhancing endothelial angiogenic metabolism to promote angiogenesis.

A novel lytic bacteriophage against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different animals.

Escherichia coli is a common pathogen in human and veterinary clinical infection. With antibiotic resistance including colistin resistance increasing globally, few antibiotic treatments are available for use against multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli.

Efficacy of inferior oblique belly transposition combined with inferior oblique recession for asymmetric inferior oblique overaction.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of inferior oblique belly transposition (IOBT) combined with inferior oblique (IO) recession in treating bilateral asymmetric inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).

Methods: A retrospective review. The data of 14 patients who underwent IOBT on the mild side of IOOA and IO recession on the severe side for bilateral asymmetric IOOA were analyzed retrospectively.

Distinguished Functions of Microglia in the Two Stages of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy: A Novel Target in the Treatment of Ischemic Retinopathy.

Microglia is the resident immune cell in the retina, playing the role of immune surveillance in a traditional concept. With the heated focus on the mechanisms of microglia in pathological conditions, more and more functions of microglia have been discovered. Although the regulating role of microglia has been explored in ischemic retinopathy, little is known about its mechanisms in the different stages of the pathological process.

Certain Dietary Nutrients Reduce the Risk of Eye Affliction/Retinopathy in Individuals with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018.

As the global trend of diabetes intensifies, the burden of vision-threatening retinopathy, particularly diabetic retinopathy (DR), is increasing. There is an urgent need to seek strategies for early prevention and control of DR. This study attempted to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and the risk of DR to provide assistance for doctors in guiding the diet of diabetic patients.

Associations between psycho-behavioral risk factors and diabetic retinopathy: NHANES (2005-2018).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) increase the global burden. Since their pathogenesis is complex, it is necessary to use the biopsychosocial model to discover the most effective strategies. The study is aimed to investigate the psycho-behavioral factors of DR and confirm the discrepancies from previous studies.

High Prevalence and Diversity Characteristics of , , and Harboring Multidrug-Resistant From Chicken, Pig, and Cattle in China.

The objective of this study was to understand the diversity characteristics of ESBL-producing (ESBL-EC) in chicken, pig, and cattle. A high prevalence of ESBL-EC (260/344) was observed in all food animals with prevalence rates of 78.6% (110/140) for chicken, 70.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of the Colistin Resistance Gene by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Visual Inspection.

The distribution of colistin resistance in -carrying bacteria poses a threat to global public health. In particular, the newly identified allele has spread globally, especially in China, second only to . In this study, we aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of the presence of the gene.

Connective tissue growth factor promotes retinal pigment epithelium mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease leading to the formation of contractile preretinal membranes (PRMs) and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been identified as a possible key determinant of progressive tissue fibrosis and excessive scarring. Therefore, the present study investigated the role and mechanism of action of CTGF in PVR.

M2 macrophages promote vasculogenesis during retinal neovascularization by regulating bone marrow-derived cells via SDF-1/VEGF.

Macrophages promote vasculogenesis during retinal neovascularization (RNV) by increasing the recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs). Different subtypes of macrophages (M1 and M2 macrophages) are associated with RNV. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of BMCs by different macrophage subtypes during RNV remains unclear.

Exosomes from Microglia Attenuate Photoreceptor Injury and Neovascularization in an Animal Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

The role of microglia in the pathophysiology of ischemic retinal diseases has been studied extensively. Exosomes from microglial cells exert protective effects during several nervous system diseases, but their roles in hypoxia-induced retinopathy remain unclear. In our study, exosomes derived from microglial cells were injected into the vitreous body of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).

Impact of minocycline on vascularization and visual function in an immature mouse model of ischemic retinopathy.

The role of microglia in the pathophysiology of ischemic retinal diseases has been extensively studied. Retinal microglial activation may be correlated with retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), an animal model that has been widely used in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) research. Minocycline is an antibiotic that decreases microglial activation following hyperoxic and hypoxic-ischemic phases in neonatal rodents.

Topical nutraceutical Optixcare EH ameliorates experimental ocular oxidative stress in rats.

Purpose: Based on the hypothesis that oral nutraceuticals do not adequately reach all ocular tissues in the anterior segment, we evaluated the ability of a 3% concentration of the ingredients in a topical nutraceutical antioxidant formulation called Optixcare Eye Health (Optixcare EH) to ameliorate oxidative stress in rat models of age-related ocular diseases.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by tail-vein injection of streptozotocin, and the development of cataracts was monitored by slit lamp. Young rats were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, and the reduction in lens glutathione (GSH) levels and increase in 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE) were measured.

Novel transgenic mouse models develop retinal changes associated with early diabetic retinopathy similar to those observed in rats with diabetes mellitus.

Retinal capillary pericyte degeneration has been linked to aldose reductase (AR) activity in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Since the development of DR in mice and rats has been reported to differ and that this may be linked to differences in retinal sorbitol levels, we have established new murine models of early onset diabetes mellitus as tools for investigating the role of AR in DR. Transgenic diabetic mouse models were developed by crossbreeding diabetic C57BL/6-Ins2(Akita)/J (AK) with transgenic C57BL mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), human aldose reductase (hAR) or both in vascular tissues containing smooth muscle actin-α (SMAA).

Novel diabetic mouse models as tools for investigating diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: Mouse models possessing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and/or human aldose reductase (hAR) in vascular tissues have been established and crossed with naturally diabetic Akita mice to produce new diabetic mouse models.

Research Design And Methods: Colonies of transgenic C57BL mice expressing GFP (SMAA-GFP), hAR (SMAA-hAR) or both (SMAA-GFP-hAR) in vascular tissues expressing smooth muscle actin were established and crossbred with C57BL/6-Ins2(Akita)/J (AK) mice to produce naturally diabetic offspring AK-SMAA-GFP and AK-SMAA-GFP-hAR. Aldose reductase inhibitor AL1576 (ARI) was administered in chow.

Effects of bevacizumab on the neovascular membrane of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: reduction of endothelial cells and expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α.

Purpose: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have recently been used intravitreally during the perioperative period for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the mechanism of theraputic effects of the agents remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on retinal vascular endothelial cells and expressions of VEGF and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in PDR.

Modulation of migration and Ca2+ signaling in retinal pigment epithelium cells by recombinant human CTGF.

Purpose: The migration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is an initial step in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We investigated the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in an in vitro model of wound healing and effects of recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF) on modulating migration and Ca(2+) signaling in RPE cells.

Methods: Cultured human RPE monolayers were used to establish a wound-healing model.

Mechanical force enhances MMP-2 activation via p38 signaling pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) are eye diseases that are characterized by mechanical stress involving stretching of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by the vitreous or the hyperplastic membranes. Here, we assessed whether mechanical force could change the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in RPE cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Methods: Collagen-coated magnetite beads and magnetic fields were used to apply tensile forces to cultured RPE cells at focal adhesions.

[Clinical characteristics of occult scleral rupture].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of occult scleral rupture.

Methods: It was a retrospective case series. Clinical data of 28 patients (28 eyes) with occult scleral rupture in recent 10 years was reviewed.

Increased levels of soluble syndecan-1 in the subretinal fluid and the vitreous of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To investigate whether rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) alters intraocular soluble syndecan-1 levels.

Methods: In all, 39 samples of subretinal fluid (SRF) and 10 samples of vitreous fluid from RRD patients were collected. Using ELISA, soluble syndecan-1 levels were detected, and potential correlations between syndecan-1 levels with clinical parameters were analyzed.