Inferring the genetic relationships between unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes and glioblastoma through multi-omics approaches.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between glioblastoma (GBM) and unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes (UDIPs). We employed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and scPagwas (pathway-based polygenic regression framework) methods to explore the genetic links between UDIPs and GBM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to identify causal relationships between UDIPs and GBM.

Hamiltonian learning for 300 trapped ion qubits with long-range couplings.

Quantum simulators with hundreds of qubits and engineerable Hamiltonians have the potential to explore quantum many-body models that are intractable for classical computers. However, learning the simulated Hamiltonian, a prerequisite for any quantitative applications of a quantum simulator, remains an outstanding challenge due to the fast increasing time cost with the qubit number and the lack of high-fidelity universal gate operations in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. Here, we demonstrate the Hamiltonian learning of a two-dimensional ion trap quantum simulator with 300 qubits.

The multifaceted role of the inferior colliculus in sensory prediction, reward processing, and decision-making.

The inferior colliculus (IC) has traditionally been regarded as an important relay in the auditory pathway, primarily involved in relaying auditory information from the brainstem to the thalamus. However, this study uncovers the multifaceted role of the IC in bridging auditory processing, sensory prediction, and reward prediction. Through extracellular recordings in monkeys engaged in a sound duration-based deviation detection task, we observed a 'climbing effect' in neuronal firing rates, indicative of an enhanced response over sound sequences linked to sensory prediction rather than reward anticipation.

Constructing well-dispersed active phase spontaneous redox for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia.

In this study, a distinctive multiple core-shell structure of Co nanoparticles inserted into N-doped carbon dodecahedron@Co hydroxide (Co/NCD@Co(OH)) was synthesized a spontaneous redox reaction between metallic Co and NO, ultimately materializing the fine dispersion and exposure of the active sites. The electronic interaction existing between the Co/NCD core and the Co(OH) shell brings a synergistic effect, conspicuously lessens the overpotential, and reinforces the yield-rate and faradaic efficiency of NH for electrochemical nitrate-ammonia conversion. This study underlines the spontaneous redox between the catalysts and substrate, rendering it as a synthetic strategy for designing genuine and well-dispersed active sites.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Health Care Resource Use and Costs After Hospitalization With Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Children.

Importance: Multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) is a leading cause of in-hospital child mortality. For survivors, posthospitalization health care resource use and costs are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal health care resource use and costs after hospitalization with MOD in infants (aged <1 year) and children (aged 1-18 years).

FoxO1 promotes high glucose-induced inflammation and cataract formation via JAK1/STAT1.

Purpose: To investigate whether in diabetic cataract (DC), FoxO1 regulates high glucose (HG)-induced activation of NLRC4/IL-6 inflammatory mediators in human lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) via the JAK1/STAT1 pathway, leading to cataract formation.

Methods: Expression levels of FoxO1, inflammatory factor IL-6 and inflammatory vesicle NLRC4 were examined in SRA01/04 under high glucose (HG) stress at 25-150 mM. Rat lenses were also cultured using HG medium with or without the addition of the FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856 and the JAK1 agonist RO8191.

Crystalline lens power and astigmatism calculation in myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography: A pilot study.

Purpose: To calculate the crystalline lens power and astigmatism, as well as their changes following cycloplegia, in individuals with myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: Participants were divided into two groups according to axial length (AL). Crystalline lens parameters, including power, lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and astigmatism, were measured with SS-OCT and analysed before and after cycloplegia.

Mg-B-O Coated P2-Type Hexagonal NaMnNiO as a High-Performance Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

P2-type NaMnNiO as the cathode for sodium-ion batteries, has a relatively high theoretical specific capacity, but its unstable crystal structure and undesirable phase transitions lead to rapid capacity decay. In this work, Mg-B-O coated NaMnNiO microspheres have been synthesized via a liquid-phase method based on solvothermal synthesized NaMnNiO. The Mg-B-O coating layer significantly improves the electrochemical performance, including specific capacity, rate capability, and cycle stability.

A phytocytokine and its derived peptides in the frass of an insect elicit rice defenses.

Upon recognizing elicitors derived from herbivores, many plants activate specific defenses. Most of the elicitors identified thus far are from the oral secretions and egg-laying fluids of herbivores; in contrast, herbivore fecal excreta have been sparsely studied in this context. In this study, we identified elicitors in the frass of the striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) larvae using a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, bioactivity tests and insect performance bioassays.

Ultrasound-Enhanced Spleen-Targeted mRNA Delivery via Fluorinated PEGylated Lipid Nanoparticles for Immunotherapy.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) based messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics hold immense promise for treating a wide array of diseases, while their nonhepatic organs targeting and insufficient endosomal escape efficiency remain challenges. For LNPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids have a crucial role in stabilizing them in aqueous medium, but they severely hinder cellular uptake and reduce transfection efficiency. In this study, we designed ultrasound (US)-assisted fluorinated PEGylated LNPs (F-LNPs) to enhance spleen-targeted mRNA delivery and transfection.

Optically Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Single Entity Electrochemistry.

We demonstrate the application and benefit of optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCEs) for single entity nanoelectrochemistry. OTCEs are prepared by pyrolyzing thin photoresist films on fused quartz coverslips to create conductive, transparent, thin films. Optical, electrical, topographical, and electrochemical properties of OTCEs are characterized to evaluate their suitability for single entity electrochemistry.

Non-enhanced abbreviated MRI as a periodic surveillance protocol for colorectal liver metastases compared with contrast-enhanced CT: a prospective observational study.

Background: Adopting appropriate noninvasive radiological method is crucial for periodic surveillance of liver metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients after surgery, which is closely related to clinical management and prognosis. This study aimed to prospectively enroll stage II-III CRC patients for the surveillance of liver metastases, and compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) and non-enhanced abbreviated MRI (NE-AMRI) during this process.

Methods: 587 CRC patients undergoing radical resection of the primary tumor were evaluated by 1 to 3 rounds of surveillance tests, consisting of abdominal CE-CT and contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) within 7 days at 6-month intervals.

Polydatin protects against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via Nrf2/Slc7a11/Gpx4-dependent inhibition of ferroptosis signalling activation.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a form of inflammatory irritable bowel disease, is characterized by a recurrent and persistent nonspecific inflammatory response. Polydatin (PD), a natural stilbenoid polyphenol with potent properties, exhibits unexpected beneficial effects beyond its well-documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we presented evidence that PD confers protection against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis.

Advancing presurgical non-invasive spread through air spaces prediction in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma using artificial intelligence and CT signatures.

Background: To accurately identify spread through air spaces (STAS) in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma, our study developed a non-invasive and interpretable biomarker combining clinical and radiomics features using preoperative CT.

Methods: The study included a cohort of 1,325 lung adenocarcinoma patients from three centers, which was divided into four groups: a training cohort ( = 930), a testing cohort ( = 238), an external validation 1 cohort ( = 93), and 2 cohort ( = 64). We collected clinical characteristics and semantic features, and extracted radiomics features.

Comparative efficacy of different drugs in acute heart failure with renal dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: This network meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of different drugs on cardiac function, renal function, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) accompanied by renal dysfunction.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to screen all clinical trials of AHF between January 1st 2001 and March 31th 2024. The primary outcome measures were N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, all-cause mortality within 60 days, and cardiovascular mortality.

The lactate metabolism and protein lactylation in epilepsy.

Protein lactylation is a new form of post-translational modification that has recently been proposed. Lactoyl groups, derived mainly from the glycolytic product lactate, have been linked to protein lactylation in brain tissue, which has been shown to correlate with increased neuronal excitability. Ischemic stroke may promote neuronal glycolysis, leading to lactate accumulation in brain tissue.

Increased sodium consumption is associated with psoriasis: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Sodium is stored in skin and may trigger or perpetuate autoimmune diseases including psoriasis. One previous study found skin sodium was elevated in a small group of patients with severe psoriasis compared to healthy controls, but the relationship between sodium intake and psoriasis within a population has not been investigated.

Objectives: To identify whether dietary sodium intake is associated with psoriasis and whether there are subgroups of individuals more likely to have salt-sensitive psoriasis.

Organic Molecules Induce the Formation of Hopper-Like NaCl Crystals under Rapid Evaporation As Microcatalytic Reactors To Facilitate Micro/Nanoplastic Degradation.

As representative examples of inorganic ionic crystals, NaCl and KCl usually form cubes during the natural evaporation process. Herein, we report the hopper-like NaCl and KCl crystals formed on the iron surface under rapid vacuum evaporation aided by organic molecules. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that it is attributed to the organic molecules alternating adsorption between {100} and {110} surfaces instead of adsorbing a single surface, as well as the fast crystal growth rate.

Imaging Brain Networks: Insights into Mechanisms of Temporomandibular Disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders are a group of craniomaxillofacial disorders mainly characterized by pain and motor dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints and surrounding masticatory muscles. Clinically, patients with temporomandibular disorders often display central nervous system dysfunction, such as negative mood disorders, but the underlying cause remains unclear. Recent developments in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated new understanding.

High efficiency and large angle polarization independent beam deflection metagrating by Bayesian optimization.

Directional emission sources are required in wide application scenarios such as 3D displays and optical communication. The integration of beam deflection metasurfaces on emission devices can construct a compact directional emission source. However, most reported metasurfaces and metagratings focus on the deflection of linear polarized light with relatively small angles(< 30 degrees), which limits their further application for unpolarized light sources.

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots-doped polymer optical fiber microprobe for pH sensing.

pH is an important physiological parameter within organisms, playing a crucial role in functional activities in cells and tissues. Among various pH sensing methods, optical fiber pH sensors have gained a wide attention due to their unique advantages. However, current silica optical fiber-based pH sensors face some challenges such as weak biocompatibility, low biological safety, complex or unstable surface modification.

Tunable bound states in the continuum with loss compatibility.

Dynamic control of bound states in the continuum (BICs) is usually achieved by engineering structural geometries of lossless optical systems, leading to a passive nature for most current BIC devices. Introducing materials with tunable permittivity, i.e.

Focused polarization hologram with arbitrary polarization to a specified polarization conversion.

Polarization devices play a key role in many optical technologies and applications. However, traditional polarization devices are often large and lack integration, and achieving polarization conversion typically requires combining multiple devices, which makes it challenging to realize integrated optical systems. Following the current trend of optical devices, we propose a method using polarization holographic exposure to prepare polarization conversion devices.