The role of Interleukin-38 in modulating T cells in chronic Colitis: A mouse model study.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-38 belongs to the IL-36 subfamily within the IL-1 family. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) exhibit higher levels of IL-38 in their intestinal tissue compared to healthy controls, suggesting that IL-38 may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, IL-38's impact on T cell-mediated immune responses in gastrointestinal inflammation has not been investigated.

Effects of omalizumab combined with budesonide formoterol on clinical efficacy, pulmonary function, immune function, and adverse reactions in children with moderate and severe allergic asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining omalizumab with budesonide formoterol to treat children with moderate and severe allergic asthma, and investigate the effect of this combination therapy on pulmonary and immune functions.

Methods: The data of 88 children with moderate and severe allergic asthma, who were admitted to our hospital between July 2021 and July 2022, were included in the study. The patients were randomly assigned either to control group (n = 44; received budesonide formoterol inhalation therapy) or experimental group (n = 44; received omalizumab subcutaneous injection + budesonide formoterol inhalation therapy) using computer-generated randomization.

Integrated transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis identifies potential RNA sensors that respond to the Ag85A DNA vaccine.

Objective: DNA vaccine has emerged as a promising approach with potential for Tuberculosis (TB) prevention in adults. However, the mechanism behind DNA vaccines is still largely unknown.

Materials And Methods: Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we engineered Ag85A mutated dendritic cells (Ag85A-M-DCs) in which the Ag85A mRNA derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed but not the corresponding protein.

Improved antitumor efficacy of neutrophils stimulated by bacillus Calmette‑Guérin.

Bacillus Calmette‑Guérin (BCG) has become a significant treatment for bladder cancer, and neutrophils are reported to be associated with the antitumor effect of BCG. The aim of the present study was to clarify the antitumor function of neutrophils stimulated by BCG. Initially, the killing effect and cytotoxic activity of neutrophils treated with BCG was detected.

Dendritic cell vaccine with Ag85A enhances anti-colorectal carcinoma immunity.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are able to trigger T-cell activation and thus have been considered important for vaccine production against cancers. Vaccines containing DCs have been reported to be effective for developing immunity against cancer cells. The interactions between DCs and auxiliary agents are critical in the development of second-generation vaccines.

IL-33 Protects Mice against DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis by Increasing Both Regulatory B Cell and Regulatory T Cell Responses as Well as Decreasing Th17 Cell Response.

Background: Previously, we have reported that IL-33 functioned as a protective modulator in dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced chronic colitis by suppressing Th17 cell response in colon lamina propria and IL-33 induced both regulatory B cells (Bregs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of mice with DSS-induced acute colitis. Moreover, we speculated that IL-33 would promote the Treg or Breg responses leading to the attenuation of DSS-induced chronic colitis. So, we investigated the role of IL-33 on Bregs and Tregs in the MLN of DSS-induced chronic colitis mice.

Suppression of Th17 Cell Response in the Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Polysaccharides.

Background: polysaccharides (GLP) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of GLP to alleviate DSS-induced colitis.

The mechanisms of Ag85A DNA vaccine activates RNA sensors through new signal transduction.

Low immunogenicity is one of the major problems limiting the clinical use for DNA vaccines, which makes it impossible to obtain a strong protective immune response after vaccination. In order to explore whether Ag85A DNA vaccine could mount more efficiently protective immune response through new RNA sensor and its signal transduction pathway of antigen presentation we designed and synthesized Ag85A gene fragment containing multiple points mutations and transfected the gene fragment into the dendritic cell line (DC2.4) by CRISPR/Cas9.

Pioglitazone Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Remnant Kidney and Protects against Renal Fibrosis in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats.

Pioglitazone is a type of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist and has been demonstrated to be effective in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) treatment. However, the underlying mechanism involved in the renoprotection of pioglitazone has not been fully revealed. In the present study, the renoprotective mechanism of pioglitazone was investigated in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats and TGF-β1-exposed HK-2 cells.

Rab5a is overexpressed in oral cancer and promotes invasion through ERK/MMP signaling.

Ras-related protein Rab-5A (Rab5a) has been identified to be overexpressed in several types of human cancer. However, its clinical significance and biological roles in oral cancer remain unclear. In the present study, the protein expression of Rab5a was examined in 79 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma samples using immunohistochemistry.

Sodium selenite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in mice by decreasing Th1, Th17, and γδT and increasing CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell responses.

Aim: To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups ( = 10/group): normal group, selenium (Se) group, chronic colitis group, and Se + chronic colitis group. The mice were sacrificed on day 26.

Th1/Th2 Balance and Th17/Treg-Mediated Immunity in relation to Murine Resistance to Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis.

Background: The role of the Th17/Treg balance in the development of experimental colitis remains poorly understood.

Methods: We exploited the differential response of BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice towards drinking water mediated by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) challenge.

Results: DSS-resistant BALB/c mice were characterized by low levels of IFN- and TNF- but high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and colon lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4CD25FoxP3 T cells when compared to C57BL/6 mice.

IL-33 induces both regulatory B cells and regulatory T cells in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family. Serum levels of IL-33 are increased in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), suggesting that IL-33 is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, although its role is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-33 in the regulation of T-helper (Th) cell and B cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

IL-21/IL-21R signaling suppresses intestinal inflammation induced by DSS through regulation of Th responses in lamina propria in mice.

Serum level of IL-21 is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), suggesting that IL-21/IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the role of IL-21/IL-21 receptor signaling plays in the pathogenesis of IBD is not very clear. In this study, using IL-21R.

Dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute experimental colitis in C57BL/6 mice is mitigated by selenium.

Background: Sodium selenite has been shown to have a protective role in experimental colitis. Th1 and Th17 responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated whether sodium selenite can suppress Th1/Th17-mediated experimental colitis.

Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor x03B3; Agonist, Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Antioxidative Capacity and Attenuating Angiogenesis in the Kidney of a 5/6 Nephrectomized Rat Model.

Background/aims: Pioglitazone is a type of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor x03B3; agonist and is capable of alleviating renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: A5/6 nephrectomized rat model was established to induce renal impairments mimicking chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). The effect of pioglitazone on renal structure, function, antioxidative capacity, and angiogenesis in the nephrectomized rats was assessed.

IL-33 alleviates DSS-induced chronic colitis in C57BL/6 mice colon lamina propria by suppressing Th17 cell response as well as Th1 cell response.

Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is associated with autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A few studies on animal models have shown that IL-33 can suppress Th1 cell response and improve Th2 cell response in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and sera. However, there is little data published about the effect of IL-33 on Th17 cell in and Th1/Th2 cell in colon lamina propria.

Enhanced therapeutic effects against murine colon carcinoma induced by a Colon 26/Ag85A-CD226 tumor cell vaccine.

Genetically modified tumor cells represent one of the most effective cancer vaccine strategies. In the present study, we describe our approach for inducing an immune response against a colon carcinoma in BALB/c mice, using a Colon 26 tumor cell line expressing Ag85A and CD226. We investigated whether CD226 plays a promotive role for Ag85A against Colon 26 colon carcinoma.

IL-33 Aggravates DSS-Induced Acute Colitis in Mouse Colon Lamina Propria by Enhancing Th2 Cell Responses.

Interleukin- (IL-) 33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is an important modulator of the immune system associated with several immune-mediated diseases. IL-33 was expressed in high level on epithelial cells of intestinal tract. It suggested that IL-33 plays a potential role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Methionine enkephalin (MENK) inhibits tumor growth through regulating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice.

Methionine enkephalin (MENK), an endogenous neuropeptide, plays an crucial role in both neuroendocrine and immune systems. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are identified as a major subpopulation of T lymphocytes in suppressing immune system to keep balanced immunity. The aim of this research work was to elucidate the mechanisms via which MENK interacts with Tregs in cancer situation.

CD226 as a genetic adjuvant to enhance immune efficacy induced by Ag85A DNA vaccination.

Antigen-85A (Ag85A) is one of the major proteins secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Many studies on animal models have shown that vaccination with the recombinant Ag85A-DNA or Ag85A protein induces powerful immune response. However, these vaccines cannot generate sufficient protective immunity in the systemic compartment.

Oral administration of bovine milk from cows hyperimmunized with intestinal bacterin stimulates lamina propria T lymphocytes to produce Th1-biased cytokines in mice.

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of bovine milk from cows hyperimmunized with a proprietary bacterin (immune milk "Sustaina") on mucosal immunity in the intestine of adult mice. C57BL/6 mice were orally given immune or control milk for two weeks, and then lymphocyte population and the cytokine production in lamina propria of colon in normal mice and mice induced colitis by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were detected. We found that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 increased, but the levels of IL-17A and IL-4, decreased in lamina propria of colon in immune milk-fed mice as compared with those in control milk-fed mice.

Immunotherapy of cancer via mediation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by methionine enkephalin (MENK).

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms by which synthetic methionine enkephalin (MENK) exerts therapeutic effects on tumor growth. Our findings in vivo or in vitro show that MENK treatment either in vivo or in vitro could up-regulate the percentages of CD8+T cells, induce markers of activated T cells, increased cytotoxic activity against mouse S180 tumor cells and increase secretion of IFNγ. In addition, the adoptively transferred CD8+T cells, after either in vitro or in vivo treatment with MENK, result in significantly increased survival of S180 tumor-bearing mice and significant shrinkage in tumor growth.

Oral vaccination with a liposome-encapsulated influenza DNA vaccine protects mice against respiratory challenge infection.

It is well accepted that vaccination by oral administration has many advantages over injected parenteral immunization. The present study focuses on whether oral vaccination with a DNA vaccine could induce protective immunity against respiratory challenge infection. The M1 gene of influenza A virus was used to construct DNA vaccine using pcDNA 3.

Dendritic cell vaccine modified by Ag85A gene enhances anti-tumor immunity against bladder cancer.

The ability of dendritic cells to provide all the signals required for T-cell activation makes them an ideal cancer vaccine platform. With the use of established DC2.4 cell line, originated from C57BL/6 mice and developed by superinfecting GM-CSF transduced bone marrow cells with myc and raf oncogenes, we investigated whether the DC 2.